tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344268848123264702024-03-14T00:05:19.789+08:00網路讀書會 Reading Club除了愛情,沒有任何事情像閱讀這樣讓我們覺得遲來的開始也可以如此美好。Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger535125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-39009643109695576532019-03-24T00:28:00.001+08:002019-03-24T00:28:24.556+08:00廣州如何從「文化沙漠」,變成倫敦書展年度最佳書店的贏家? 「方所」<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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2019年3月13日剛落幕的倫敦書展(London Book Fair),是僅次於德國法蘭克福書展,世界第二大的國際圖書版權交易會,今年所頒發的「年度最佳書店」獎(The Bookstore of The Year Award),由位於中國廣州市的「方所」,意外擊敗來自越南西貢市的BOA Bookstore和紐西蘭威靈頓市的Unity Books抱走大獎。該獎項自2016年起針對受評選書店的專業度、活動組織策劃力、書籍陳列、員工專業素養、空間氛圍營造及品牌創新能力等方面進行綜合評量。<br />
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在一片驚歎聲中,我們不免要問:「為什麼是方所?」,連多家中國的媒體都不禁私下的問:「為什麼是中國?」<br />
中國的書店,為何能在國際舞台上殺出?<br />
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眾所皆知,「方所」是中國設計師女裝品牌「EXCEPTION例外」的創始人毛繼鴻找來前誠品書店的頭號大將廖美立做為策劃總顧問所創立的,2011年11月在廣州最高級的精品商場太古匯正式開業,而當時方所店鋪旁的鄰居則是愛馬仕。方所廣州店佔地面積約550坪,當中融合了書店、設計商品、服飾、植物與咖啡,包含不定期的策展和講座活動全都是自策自營的,目前則在廣州、成都、重慶、青島有四家分店。<br />
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相比於誠品、蔦屋這兩家創立超過30年,亞洲名氣最大的書店,還不滿八歲的方所,只能算是業界的「小學生」,走進方所,映入眼簾的除了天花、牆面帶有野獸派工業風設計外,收銀台還有一面巨幅以青銅打造的裝飾面板,從圖書、商品陳列、道具乃至人員服務,都隱隱約約能窺見其他書店前輩們的影子,實在稱不上是一個經驗飽滿的專家,但確實具有謙卑學徒的姿態,顏值、體質等條件都不錯,但只能說離達到偉大的書店,方所「還在路上」。<br />
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中國的圖書出版發行和批發零售都是個備受高度審查,且准入門檻高的行業,在改革開放前,圖書的分配與銷售僅能透過國營企業背景的新華書店負責,真正嚴格意義上的民營書店,則是要到90年代,才由南京先鋒書店、廣東學而優、北京席疏書屋、上海季風書園…等連鎖書店為首所掀起的一波開店風潮。換句話說,中國真正開始學習經營連鎖書店,也僅僅不過20多個年頭。<br />
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而廣州,在中國常被人戲稱是「文化沙漠」,一般人對廣州的印象多半停留在務實的重商主義,多元、開放、市井味濃厚的貿易城市。中國書刊發行業協會發佈的2017年中國城市書店數量排行榜中,廣州市民營書店共有2441家,在中國主要城市中排名第四,每萬人擁有1.68家書店,排名第六,雖還不到「沙漠」的程度,但何以一個與書店難以聯想在一起的商貿古城,一個全民對經營書店還處於摸索階段的社會,能在國際舞台上半路殺出,更再次實現了中國在互聯網、電子製造業及鐵路建設領域一貫上演「彎道超車」的後來居上之勢?<br />
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從絕種邊緣,到轉型升級的受益者<br />
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美國商業研究機構調查公佈,2017年全球圖書和檔案市場價值約為975億美元。中國的市場價值則約為153億美元,佔全球圖書和檔案市場的15.7%,是全球市場價值佔比最大的國家。<br />
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我想,市場規模、政策支持和熱衷於摸索創新的環境或許是答案。<br />
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另一份來自北京開卷資訊的資料中顯示,2018年中國圖書單單零售市場總規模就去到894億人民幣,年成長率11.3%,全球僅有美國、巴西、澳洲、愛爾蘭呈現不到兩位數的正成長,倫敦書展的主辦國英國則是衰退1.3%,總規模約53.9億人民幣,連中國的零頭都不及。<br />
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再說到政策支持,中國民營實體書店在這20多個年頭中,也並不是一路順風順水的,自2000年起從當當、亞馬遜,到後來的淘寶、天貓、京東等電子商務平臺紛紛投入圖書網購市場,約莫10年間,使得這個剛萌芽起步不久的行業,幾近面臨絕種的邊緣。據中國全國工商聯書業商會調查資料,2002至2012年間,全國有近五成的實體書店倒閉,總數達1萬多家。但也是在2014年起,武漢、西安等城市發佈了「實體書店轉型升級的扶持辦法」,2016年已有20個城市出現相關補貼辦法,2017年起則以擴大規模、重裝開業、跨省布局、業態轉型等方向,給予政策鬆綁或金費補助。單北京市2018年就針對151家實體書店業者發出總計5000萬元人民幣的獎金。<br />
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針對整個圖書出版行業,中國更是制定自2018至2020年,圖書批發、零售免徵增值稅,對各種出版物在出版環節執行50至100%先徵後退的政策。一時之間「開書店」儼然變成中國各行各業的一項新顯學,上至新華書店,下到房地產公司、互聯網、自媒體、餐飲業、家電業、服飾業、飯店業都在研究如何承接這一波政策紅利,搖身一變,各行各業一夕之間都突然成了「文化人」。當然掛羊頭賣狗肉,開著「圖書銷售」發票節稅,實際上賣IPhoneX或家電的大有人在。無論如何,實體書店在這一波電商衝擊的浪潮下不只是活了下來,在政策的輸血之下,反而增添了更多的活力。<br />
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最後,中國熱衷於書店行業的模式創新,也可以說是政策紅利之下,各行各業帶著不同的目的,摸索著「書店」這個元素,如何正面、側面、直接、間接的為其本業加分或創造商業價值,無形中也為書店行業注入了多元創新的元素,一個不只侷限於圈內人的行業革命,往往能為此帶來更多趣味和可能性。<br />
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歷史上,可能不曾有人像中國這樣開書店<br />
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就筆者所在的廣州、深圳為例,本文的主角方所,業內人士就分析,其當初成立很高的目的成份還是在推廣與銷售自家的服飾品牌,也確實,毛繼鴻與例外服飾在中國的知名度確實因此水漲船高。中國龍頭綜合房地產公司華潤集團,不僅與擁有170家分店,中國最大的連鎖書店西西弗書店有著戰略合作協定,更在去年於深圳的萬象天地引入臺灣誠品生活入駐,還同時發展著自己的書店品牌,目的除了為商場帶來人流、延長顧客停留時間外,更是希望提升整體品牌的氣質與內容。<br />
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同樣是中國房地產界的巨頭保利房地產集團,也在2017年4月在廣州番禹拿出600坪高級住宅區的面積,開出旗下第一家自營書店三樂文創書屋,其後該團隊則是拿著此作品做為樣品房的概念,四處不斷的幫其他地產公司設計書店或閱讀空間,每年固定能有十幾個外拓項目,「幫人開書店」反倒成了另一種主業,以及新的商業模式。<br />
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位處於廣州市中心珠江新城,最黃金地段的高德置地集團,擁有廣州市核心區單一體量最大的商業綜合體,也在2017年成立了自有品牌美居生活,特色則是將整座商場三到四成的公共區域改造為具有閱讀功能和銷售圖書、設計師家具及文創產品的體驗空間,更利用手機自助付款的方式,做到自主不受打擾的無人購物模式,不但提昇了商場的文化氛圍,更帶給顧客全新的體驗。<br />
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在中國擁有60家門店的言几又書店,除了2018年5月在廣州高檔藝術商場K11購物中心開設了佔地約450坪的分店外,更在2018年7月份砸了1.3億人民幣於西安的邁科中心開設了超過1300坪的旗艦店,其商業模式則是以書店和餐飲為核心吸引顧客,再利用商業房地產的經營邏輯,將超過一半以上的空間以翻倍的租金分租給藝術、教育、文創…等品牌。<br />
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廣州的1200書店推出可以在書店留宿和只為夜貓子服務的深夜食堂,創始人劉二喜受訪時曾說到,1200書店是因為自己曾到台灣徒步環島1200公里後,受台灣風土人文激發出的創業想法;香港上市房地產公司佳兆業旗下的子公司心居地書店,則是提出「文化便利店」的概念,透過與同亞馬遜合作,會員可以在書店和Kindle電子圖書館共用逾4萬冊圖書借閱體系,並打造線上線下二手書交易平台,不管是買書或賣書,廣州市內皆能提供快遞到家的服務;樊登書店則是中國近年流行的「知識付費」自媒體平臺「樊登讀書會」的線下書店,目前已在全國擁有200餘家店,僅2018年新開店數量就超過100家,主要原因則是在於其有著超過800萬的忠實線上平臺會員,實體書店的存在則是使得樊登有固定的場所提供更多讀書會、分享會…等多元豐富的活動內容。<br />
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相信從古至今,世界上大概沒有哪個角落,曾用這種規格對待書店行業,平心而論,這些現正在中國投入書店行業的圈內、圈外人,不管多少是對行業有著情懷,或是鑽著政策漏洞尋找投機空間,甚至只是無意識的跟風。這當中,有多少人真正確定知道自己在做什麼,又有多少人從中真正獲得商業利益,還是個問號。但不論如何,這一場人類史上少有的奇景,或許已經值得倫敦書展以一面壓克力獎牌,獻上一絲敬意。<br />
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出處:https://hk.thenewslens.com/article/116008<br />
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延伸閱讀:<br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://www.mylifebits.org/2013/06/fang-suo.html" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">(廣州酷店) 方所是廣州的一家書店,位於太古匯。被香港名作家鄧小樺評為「華文界目前最新鮮、最具震撼力的書店」 fang suo (太古匯 負二層)</span></a><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.mylifebits.org/2015/05/blog-post_21.html" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">方所書店第二家為什麼不在北京上海?因為“成都人熱愛生活.方所若可賺錢? 誠品為何不可以?</span></a><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://readingdream.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post.html#.XJZd99cza70" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">像賣時裝一樣開書店:中國大陸廣州方所書店</span></a><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></span><a href="https://www.mylifebits.org/2013/06/taikoo-hui.html" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">(廣州景點) 太古匯:廣州最高級的百貨公司 TaiKoo Hui</span></a></h3>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-27719490939495269232018-08-28T23:18:00.001+08:002018-08-29T22:22:41.690+08:00超級業務員必備:麥凱66表格 搞定客情搞定信任!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgefFeqNLtIRAbrkfU-_Ba3yIQMGynNI0ePfTANd62ZJew-5DfVBGhAaiodEV0gwUtsBzyUZd7g9x0ur6j-4VWNqpjWZvhf_pJy2P17A_zG429gII3tbxNUtjwVk_vp34uhBtl_AFcq4/s1600/%25E9%25BA%25A5%25E5%2587%25B166.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="430" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgefFeqNLtIRAbrkfU-_Ba3yIQMGynNI0ePfTANd62ZJew-5DfVBGhAaiodEV0gwUtsBzyUZd7g9x0ur6j-4VWNqpjWZvhf_pJy2P17A_zG429gII3tbxNUtjwVk_vp34uhBtl_AFcq4/s640/%25E9%25BA%25A5%25E5%2587%25B166.jpg" width="424" /></a></div>
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<b>「麥凱66」</b></h2>
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是哈維麥凱先生發明的客戶資料表格的名稱。</div>
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該表格由66個關於客戶的問題組成。</div>
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哈維麥凱先生是美國麥凱信封公司的創始人、董事長和總裁。</div>
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麥凱信封公司年營業額超過7000萬美元。</div>
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麥凱先生因為在人際關係學方面的成就,被人們稱為世界第一人際關係大師。</div>
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<b>分析</b></h3>
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不要一看填表就不耐煩,一點也不難,事實上你平常可能已經在進行裡面的部分,「麥凱66」不過是幫你把收集到的信息系統化,並且讓它們變得更有用也好用。</div>
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雖然大部分信息都需靠你跟客戶的第一手接觸和觀察,但你可不是孤軍作戰,你還可以有其他的幫手。</div>
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譬如其他客戶,電視,供應商,接待員,往來銀行,秘書,報界,助理,貿易刊物等等。</div>
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<b>營銷秘書的工作</b></h3>
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營銷秘書的工作還包括翻閱地方新聞以及各大報。</div>
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任何有關我們前20位最大客戶的消息,公司里任何跟這個客戶有關的人都必讀。這些信息的價值不只在幫助業務員。</div>
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因為任何行業的業務員流動量都很大。這個表格可以最大程度上防止他們在離職時帶走客戶,接班的人及時進入情況,不用從頭做起。</div>
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因為都寫在紙上了,「麥凱66」還可以協助業務員和主管同時討論這個客戶。</div>
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有兩件事需要特別提醒:世界瞬息萬變,所以66個題目需隨時修正,而且因為66個問題通常都牽涉點客戶的隱私,所以儲存時要考慮到安全與隱密,每份資料只有固定的份數,不能讓影印本滿天飛。</div>
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<a href="https://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010782300?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201808" target="_blank">麥凱銷售聖經:從A到Z,輕鬆教你賣動全世界 The Mackay MBA of Selling in the Real World</a></h3>
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<b>麥凱66表格</b></h3>
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日期________________</div>
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最新修定時間________________</div>
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填表人________________</div>
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客戶</div>
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1 姓名________________暱稱(小名) ________________</div>
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2 職稱________________</div>
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3 公司名稱地址3住址________________</div>
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4 電話(公) ________________ (宅) ________________</div>
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5 出生年月日________________出生地________________籍貫________________</div>
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6 身高________________體重________________身體五官特徵________________ (如禿頭、關節炎、嚴重背部問題等) ________________</div>
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教育背景</div>
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7 高中名稱與就讀期間________________大專名稱________________畢業日期________________學位________________</div>
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8 大學時代得獎紀錄________________研究所________________</div>
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9 大學時所屬兄弟或姐妹會________________擅長運動是________________</div>
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10 課外活動、社團________________</div>
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11 如果客戶未上過大學,他是否在意學位________________其他教育背景________________</div>
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12 兵役軍種________________退役時軍階________________對兵役的態度________________</div>
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家庭</div>
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13 婚姻狀況________________配偶姓名________________</div>
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14 配偶教育程度________________</div>
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15 配偶興趣/活動/社團________________</div>
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16 婚紀念日________________</div>
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17 子女姓名、年齡________________是否有撫養權________________</div>
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18 子女教育_______________</div>
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19 子女喜好________________</div>
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業務背景資料</div>
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20 客戶的前一個工作________________公司名稱________________公司地址________________受僱時間________________受僱職銜________________</div>
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21 在目前公司的前一個職銜________________職銜________________日期________________</div>
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22 在辦公室有何「地位」象徵________________</div>
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23 參與的職業及貿易團體________________所任職位________________</div>
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24 是否聘顧問________________</div>
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25 本客戶與本公司其他人員有何業務上的關係________________</div>
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26 關係是否良好________________原因________________</div>
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27 本公司其他人員對本客戶的了解________________</div>
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28 何種聯繫________________關係性質________________</div>
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29 客戶對自己公司的態度________________</div>
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30 本客戶長期事業目標為何________________</div>
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31 短期事業目標為何________________</div>
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32 客戶目前最關切的是公司前途或個人前途________________</div>
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33 客戶多思考現在或將來________________為什麼________________</div>
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特殊興趣</div>
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34 客戶所屬私人俱樂部________________</div>
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35 參與之政治活動________________政黨________________對客戶的重要性為何________________</div>
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36 是否熱衷社區活動________________如何參與________________</div>
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37 宗教信仰________________是否熱衷________________</div>
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38 對本客戶特別機密且不宜談論之事件(如離婚等) ________________</div>
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39 客戶對什麼主題特別有意見(除生意之外) ________________</div>
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生活方式</div>
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40 病歷(目前健康狀況) ________________</div>
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41 飲酒習慣________________所嗜酒類與份量________________</div>
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42 如果不嗜酒,是否反對別人喝酒________________</div>
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43 是否吸菸________________若否,是否反對別人吸菸________________</div>
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44 最偏好的午餐地點________________晚餐地點________________</div>
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45 最偏好的菜式________________</div>
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46 是否反對別人請客________________</div>
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47 嗜好與娛樂________________喜讀什麼書________________</div>
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48 喜歡的度假方式________________</div>
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49 喜歡觀賞的運動________________</div>
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50 車子廠牌________________</div>
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51 喜歡的話題________________</div>
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52 喜歡引起什麼人注意________________</div>
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53 喜歡被這些人如何重視________________</div>
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54 你會用什麼來形容本客戶________________</div>
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55 客戶自認最得意的成就________________</div>
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56 你認為客戶長期個人目標為何________________</div>
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57 你認為客戶眼前個人目標為何________________</div>
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客戶和你</div>
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58 與客戶做生意時,你最擔心的道德與倫理問題為何________________</div>
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59 客戶覺得對你、你的公司或你的競爭負有責任________________如果有的話,是什麼________________</div>
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60 客戶是否需改變自己的習慣,採取不利自己的行動才能配合你的推銷與建議________________</div>
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61 客戶是否特別在意別人的意見________________</div>
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62 或非常以自我為中心________________是否道德感很強________________</div>
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63 在客戶眼中最關鍵的問題有哪些________________</div>
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64 客戶的管理階層以何為重________________客戶與他的主管是否有衝突________________</div>
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65 你能否協助化解客戶與主管的問題如何化解________________</div>
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66 你的競爭者對以上的問題有沒有比你更好的答案________________</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-19259291534558627042018-07-15T22:56:00.000+08:002018-07-15T22:56:29.508+08:00誠品敦南「手塚治虫書店」24小時不打烊200倍大的原子小金剛等你拍。日本漫畫之神誕生90週年!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn6skLGKy8RwsP41oBPQJ4qylkJpCAZhmzWIvnY6Skv3UR2MYnzJTeSfq39T93uItfBDj3qMk4SALrVyHSZiHrVuY5KuLMLY0zHeaVdY4bMEchONDDANn6vL1FJpCPGCz6WPszHruYVJw/s1600/%25E8%25AA%25A0%25E5%2593%2581%25E6%2595%25A6%25E5%258D%2597%25E3%2580%258C%25E6%2589%258B%25E5%25A1%259A%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E8%2599%25AB%25E6%259B%25B8%25E5%25BA%2597%25E3%2580%258D24%25E5%25B0%258F%25E6%2599%2582%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%2589%2593%25E7%2583%258A200%25E5%2580%258D%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%25B0%258F%25E9%2587%2591%25E5%2589%259B%25E7%25AD%2589%25E4%25BD%25A0%25E6%258B%258D%25E3%2580%2582%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%25E6%25BC%25AB%25E7%2595%25AB%25E4%25B9%258B%25E7%25A5%259E%25E8%25AA%2595%25E7%2594%259F90%25E9%2580%25B1%25E5%25B9%25B4%25EF%25BC%2581+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn6skLGKy8RwsP41oBPQJ4qylkJpCAZhmzWIvnY6Skv3UR2MYnzJTeSfq39T93uItfBDj3qMk4SALrVyHSZiHrVuY5KuLMLY0zHeaVdY4bMEchONDDANn6vL1FJpCPGCz6WPszHruYVJw/s640/%25E8%25AA%25A0%25E5%2593%2581%25E6%2595%25A6%25E5%258D%2597%25E3%2580%258C%25E6%2589%258B%25E5%25A1%259A%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E8%2599%25AB%25E6%259B%25B8%25E5%25BA%2597%25E3%2580%258D24%25E5%25B0%258F%25E6%2599%2582%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%2589%2593%25E7%2583%258A200%25E5%2580%258D%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%25B0%258F%25E9%2587%2591%25E5%2589%259B%25E7%25AD%2589%25E4%25BD%25A0%25E6%258B%258D%25E3%2580%2582%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%25E6%25BC%25AB%25E7%2595%25AB%25E4%25B9%258B%25E7%25A5%259E%25E8%25AA%2595%25E7%2594%259F90%25E9%2580%25B1%25E5%25B9%25B4%25EF%25BC%2581+%25281%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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活動期間 2018/07/13 - 2018/09/02<br />
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活動店別 誠品敦南店<br />
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活動單位 誠品書店<br />
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24小時不打烊的誠品敦南店,7/13起在二樓書店推出獨家的「手塚治虫」展覽,現場將有放大200倍的原子小金剛、怪醫黑傑克等六部巨型經典作品。「手塚治虫書店」除了有三種尺寸的漫畫陳列、近200張手塚漫畫作品分鏡圖,還有全球獨家特色商品,可一覽日本漫畫之神-手塚治虫生誕90週年紀念的精彩。<br />
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手塚治虫,本名手塚 治,其率先融入電影分鏡及聲音語彙、讓漫畫開始「說故事」,從此成為漫畫界的主流形式。此次展覽內容包含六大經典作品:森林大帝、原子小金剛、緞帶騎士、火之鳥、怪醫黑傑克及三眼神童,也特別介紹「手塚流」工作術。<br />
<br />
7/14(六)更邀請手塚治虫的長子手塚眞來台舉辦講座,分享他從小看到大的漫畫之神如何創作故事,以及手塚治虫之於漫畫的時代意義。<br />
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除了展覽和講座,喜歡手塚治虫的讀者也能一次買齊重點作品,《原子小金剛》中文版更是絕版珍藏,手腳要快以免向隅;想了解大師生平的則必看《我是漫畫家:「漫畫之神」手塚治虫唯一親筆自傳》,中文版精美限量盒裝還附贈雙面書衣海報,售價499元,活動期間享69折。<br />
<br />
神的孩子都在看漫畫,一起進入手塚治虫的狂想世界吧!<br />
<br />
▎漫畫之神-手塚治虫|生誕90年紀念展<br />
時間:2018.7.13(五)-9.2(日)<br />
地點:誠品敦南店2F<br />
主辦:誠品書店、手塚製作<br />
協辦:DNP<br />
衛星展神串連<br />
誠品R79、台中園道、高雄遠百同步致敬!<br />
<br />
▎漫畫的原點_手塚眞講座<br />
日期:2018.7.14(六) 19:15-20:45<br />
地點:誠品敦南店B2視聽室<br />
主講:手塚眞/電影導演<br />
主持:李惠貞/資深出版人<br />
※ 活動免費,需預約報名<br />
立即報名:https://goo.gl/XhfvWM<br />
<br />
▎漫畫迷群聚 COMIC TOGETHER<br />
日期:2018.7.21, 7.28, 8.11, 8.25 (六) 21:30-22:30<br />
地點:誠品敦南店2F手塚治虫書店內<br />
主講:7.21李明璁、7.28李惠貞, 8.11蔡南昇, 8.25黃廷玉(Mangasick)<br />
※ 活動免費參加、自由入場<br />
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▎現場好禮<br />
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好禮1<br />
展覽期間只要在展場內拍照並於facebook 打卡、上傳照片並公開貼文,出示手機畫面即可兌換90週年紀念logo 貼紙<br />
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好禮2<br />
購買手塚治虫參展商品單筆消費發票額滿$1,499<br />
贈火柴盒造型內裝豆本與20張貼紙的mini comics貼紙組一組<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-26313007117631317572018-04-01T10:03:00.000+08:002018-04-01T10:03:15.502+08:00如何閱讀一本書?HOW TO READ BOOK 莫提默.艾德勒Mortimer J. Adler 【臺灣商務70週年典藏紀念版】(三版) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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版主強力推薦這本書這本書如何閱讀一本書?HOW TO READ BOOK<br />
在1940年出版,1972年大幅增訂改寫為新版。<br />
不論什麼時候讀,都不能不嘆服作者對閱讀用心之深、視野之廣。<br />
不懂閱讀的人,初探閱讀的人,讀這本書可以節省冤枉路。<br />
對閱讀有所體會的人,讀這本書可以有更深的印證與領悟。<br />
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閱讀的四個層次<br />
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第一層次的閱讀,我們稱之為基礎閱讀(elementary reading)。<br />
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也可以用其他的名稱,如初級閱讀、基本閱讀或初步閱讀。在熟練這個層次的過程中,一個人可以學習到閱讀的基本藝術,接受基礎的閱讀訓練,獲得初步的閱讀技巧。小孩子首先接觸的就是這個層次的閱讀。他的問題(也是我們開始閱讀時的問題)是要如何認出一頁中的一個個字。 在這個層次的閱讀中,要問讀者的問題是:“這個句子在説什麼?”當然,這個問題也有複雜與困難的一面,不過,我們在這裡所説的只是最簡單的那一面。 不論我們身為讀者有多精通這樣的閱讀技巧,我們在閱讀的時候還是一直會碰上這個層次的閱讀問題。這時我們要做的第一步努力就是去弄清楚這些字。只有當我們完全明白每個字的意思之後,我們才能試著去了解,努力去體會這些字到底要説的是什麼。<br />
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第二個層次的閱讀,我們稱之為檢視閱讀(inspectional reading)。<br />
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特點在強調時間。在這個閱讀層次,學生必須在規定的時間內完成一項閱讀的功課。這個層次的閱讀仍然可以用其他的稱呼,譬如略讀或預讀。因此,用另一種方式來形容這個層次的閱讀,就是在一定的時間之內,抓出一本書的重點—通常是很短,而且總是(就定義上説)過短,很難掌握一本書所有重點。 如果第一層次的閱讀所問的問題是:“這個句子在説什麼?”那麼在這個層次要問的典型問題就是:“這本書在談什麼?”這是個表象的問題。還有些類似的問題是:“這本書的架構如何?”或是:“這本書包含哪些部分?” “這是哪一類的書—小説、歷史,還是科學論文?”<br />
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第三種層次的閱讀,我們稱之為分析閱讀(analytical reading)。<br />
比起前面所説的兩種閱讀,這要更複雜,更系統化。隨內文難讀的程度有所不同,讀者在使用這種閱讀法的時候,多少會相當吃力。分析閱讀就是全盤的閱讀、完整的閱讀,或是説優質的閱讀—你能做到的最好的閱讀方式。如果説檢視閱讀是在有限的時間內,最好也最完整的閱讀,那麼分析閱讀就是在無限的時間裏,最好也最完整的閱讀。<br />
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一個分析型的閱讀者一定會對自己所讀的東西提出許多有系統的問題。我們要在這裡強調的是,分析閱讀永遠是一種專注的活動。在這個層次的閱讀中,讀者會緊抓住一本書—這個比喻蠻恰當的—一直要讀到這本書成為他自己為止。分析閱讀就是要咀嚼與消化一本書。分析閱讀就是特別在追尋理解的。相對的,除非你有相當程度的分析閱讀的技巧,否則你也很難從對一本書不甚了解,進步到多一點的理解。<br />
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第四種,也是最高層次的閱讀,我們稱之為主題閱讀(syntopical reading)。<br />
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這是所有閱讀中最複雜也最系統化的閱讀。 也可以用另外的名稱來形容這樣的閱讀,如比較閱讀(comparative reading)。在做主題閱讀時,閱讀者會讀很多書,而不是一本書,並列舉出這些書之間相關之處,提出一個所有的書都談到的主題。主題閱讀涉及的遠不止此。借助他所閱讀的書籍,主題閱讀者要能夠架構出一個可能在哪一本書裏都沒提過的主題分析。因此,很顯然的,主題閱讀是最主動、也最花力氣的一種閱讀。<br />
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主題閱讀不是個輕鬆的閱讀藝術,規則也並不廣為人知。雖然如此,主題閱讀卻可能是所有閱讀活動中最有收穫的。就是因為你會獲益良多,所以絕對值得你努力學習如何做到這樣的閱讀。<br />
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更多關於本書請去網路書局自己看吧 !一本閱讀迷一定要拜讀的傳奇大作!!<br />
<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010736991?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201804" target="_blank">如何閱讀一本書【臺灣商務70週年典藏紀念版】(三版) HOW TO READ BOOK</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-32217330718864685762018-03-13T17:21:00.001+08:002018-03-13T17:23:05.761+08:00華爾街之狼的銷售術 ( 跟華爾街之狼學銷售:一門價值30萬元的銷售課 4秒鐘,打下成交大訂單基礎! )<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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華爾街之狼避免被打槍的方法就是靠語調,<br />
關鍵在於熱情的言語跟突然轉換成耳語般的聲調,<br />
會直接繞過淺意識的打槍,因為只有好朋友才會跟你耳語。<br />
<br />
我覺得這本書寫得太冗長,一半的內容可以精簡掉,<br />
本書教的不是正統的業務銷售法,<b>教的是如何透過淺意識操弄避過客戶的理性拒絕,是旁門左道,但是很好用!</b>這才是我們想學的,別在告訴我一些正面進攻法,現在客戶都有超強的防護罩,一查覺是推銷,馬上掛電話!<br />
<br />
更多內容可以買這本書來看看囉:<br />
<h3>
<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010774004?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201803" target="_blank"><em>跟</em><em>華爾</em><em>街</em><em>之</em><em>狼</em><em>學</em><em>銷售</em>:一門價值30萬元的<em>銷售</em>課 4秒鐘,打下成交大訂單基礎! </a></h3>
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《華爾街之狼》幕後祕密大公開<br />
獨創「直線銷售說服系統」,本尊手把手指點<br />
「把這支筆賣給我!」——教你精通狼的說服力之道<br />
<br />
3量表 X 5要素 X 10法則<br />
掌握獨門「直線銷售說服法」的精華絕招,<br />
不論銷售、談判、交涉、日常溝通,<br />
發揮你的影響力,讓任何人全都心甘情願去做任何事,<br />
創造財富,成就人生。<br />
<br />
李奧納多.狄卡皮歐飾演的喬登.貝爾福在電影《華爾街之狼》中,利用直線銷售說服系統,把一群社會適應不良、賺錢少少的人,變成善於成交、賺錢多多、能夠把任何東西賣給任何人的搖滾巨星。<br />
<br />
大銀幕上,金融圈紙醉金迷、腐敗沉淪、大起大落的黑暗面深入人心,但在新書《跟華爾街之狼學銷售》裡,早已浪子回頭、華麗轉身的貝爾福,要傳授他何以能夠呼風喚雨的真功夫。<br />
<br />
在你的事業與人生中,最重要的資產是什麼?<br />
——說服力!<br />
<br />
說服力意味著不管在工作或個人生活中,有效銷售你的產品或服務、敲定交易、脫穎而出的能力;向世界證明你的立場和理由,創造個人最棒的未來,也全都有賴於如何去說服對方行動。<br />
<br />
銷售是生活中的一切。不是只有業務員、銷售員才在用。其實,每一天你都在說服別人,訴說你的想法、觀念或產品很有道理。銷售也適用於所有人、適用於企業與個人生活中的所有層面。總之,我們在一生中的某個時點,都會面臨必須對別人、對夥伴、老闆、員工,甚至約會對象等等,推銷自己。<br />
<br />
這是第一部針對貝爾福在國際大獲成功的「直線銷售說服系統」的全方位指南,這個系統經過科學驗證,能顯著增進一個人達成預定結果的影響力與說服力,應用範圍不限於商場職場,也包括個人生活場景。貝爾福將破解如何說服任何人去做任何事的關鍵要訣,以及教導不論年齡、教育或技術程度的任何一個人嫻熟說服的方法,使你蛻變為銷售、成交、談判、創業、演講或溝通高手。<br />
<br />
全書要點<br />
◎拆解銷售與說服的密碼<br />
◎發現銷售魔法子彈<br />
◎創造符合道德價值的簡報且能順利成交<br />
◎精通肢體語言、聲調的藝術<br />
◎辨識甄選有價值客戶的方法<br />
<br />
***<br />
<br />
本書特色<br />
<br />
【書籍重點特色】<br />
<br />
1.貝爾福以絕對成交的銷售心法重新再起,大力倡導「良心銷售與說服」,書中逐步分析他自創且經過反覆驗證的「直線銷售說服系統」,讓每一個人或組織團隊都能成為金牌冠軍銷售員。<br />
<br />
2.所謂的良心銷售與說服,不是讓客戶接受他們不願意或不該接受的東西,而是讓他們克服踟躕不前的心理障礙,這能幫助你也成為非凡的商業成功者。<br />
<br />
3.貝爾福是位天生的銷售高手,他獨創的直線銷售說服法,強調發掘客戶的需求,開場白要單刀直入在頭四秒取得先機,同時透過一系列事先想好的步驟,從初識客戶到最終成功賣出產品。<br />
<br />
4.本書適合業務、行銷人員的養成培訓。強調針對任何一家公司或個人,無論年齡、種族、性別、教育程度、社經背景,都有能力創造巨大的財富與成功。<br />
<br />
作者簡介<br />
<br />
喬登.貝爾福(Jordan Belfort)<br />
<br />
貝爾福曾擔任超過五十家上市公司顧問,為幾乎所有主流報紙雜誌媒體撰寫過文章,包括《紐約時報》《華爾街日報》《洛杉磯時報》《泰晤士報》《國際前鋒論壇報》《富比士雜誌》《商業周刊》《巴黎競賽雜誌》《滾石雜誌》和法國《世界報》、義大利《晚郵報》等等。<br />
<br />
其獨創的「直線銷售說服系統」使他能讓任何一家公司或個人,無論年齡、種族、性別、教育程度、社經背景,都有能力創造巨大財富與成功,且不需要犧牲道德正當性。<br />
<br />
貝爾福的兩部回憶錄《華爾街之狼》及《追獵華爾街之狼》(Catching the Wolf of Wall Street)譯成25種語言,暢銷國際60多個國家,名導史柯西斯更將他的真實人生故事搬上大銀幕,由李奧納多.狄卡皮歐主演。</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">同場加映:</span><a data-cke-saved-href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L6zyjqYQro&list=PLDQwKBcrSURDpxDEVUxz9US6k9DPeBKCc" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L6zyjqYQro&list=PLDQwKBcrSURDpxDEVUxz9US6k9DPeBKCc" style="font-size: x-large;" target="_blank">沒去上海看過成人展吧?來看看花兩百人民幣就可以得到Julia的大抱抱吧?</a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-59464839769231377382018-02-06T15:18:00.003+08:002018-02-06T15:18:48.194+08:00台灣的出版業天真而迷人,但也因此賺不了錢<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
這篇文章想說的是,天真浪漫的出版業(與從業人員)可能是好事、也可能是壞事。這樣的特色為產業帶來某些缺失,但也提供了某些特殊的價值,可能這也是出版這一行總能吸引人投入的原因。<br />
<br />
話不多說,進入正題。<br />
<br />
出版社薪水很低,勸你不要進來<br />
<br />
不久前我參加了一場「日本雜誌編輯技藝」的付費講座,講者是出版業的資深編輯,原本以為在這個網路閱讀的「滑」時代,會花錢聽紙本編輯的人應該不多,想不到聽眾幾乎把咖啡店擠滿,而且提問很踴躍,講座結束後還有幾個人圍住講者問問題。<br />
<br />
其中有位二十多歲的女生一直待到最後,才鼓起勇氣詢問講者:「我只是一個在普通公司當行政助理的人,但一直很想進出版業,不知道你能不能給我一點建議,要怎麼樣才能進出版社?」(我坐在第一排所以一切都被我聽見了。)<br />
<br />
沒想到講者劈頭就警告:<br />
<br />
出版社薪水很低喔,我勸你不要進來。<br />
<br />
聽到這樣的回答,小女生有點手足無措,於是我多事插嘴補充一問:「為什麼你這麼想去出版社上班呀?」<br />
<br />
她回答:「因為我喜歡看書、從小就喜歡書,也很想要做出好看的書。」<br />
<br />
「那如果薪水很低呢?」<br />
<br />
「沒關係,我還是想試試看。」<br />
<br />
後來講者還是給了她一些建議,包括她喜歡哪些類型的書,有哪些出版社有在做這幾類書,出版社的規模大小和不同職位的工作內容,求職者可能的接觸方式等等。<br />
<br />
但讓我印象最深刻的是,出版這行明明就是個夕陽產業(台灣出版業從二〇一二年以來連續衰退,總產值幾乎只剩高峰期的一半),為什麼還有這麼多人不計較低薪與長工時,想投入這個行業?<br />
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可是我好喜歡書,想做好書改變社會<br />
<br />
我在當商業雜誌編輯的時候採訪過不少產業,後來才發現,台灣出版這一行最特殊的地方,是它還保有某種程度的天真浪漫。<br />
<br />
舉個最好懂的例子,如果你去問出版社的編輯、行銷,甚至通路經銷人員,會發現有很高比例是因為「本身很喜歡書」才進這行工作(就像開頭那位女孩一樣)。<br />
<br />
相信你大概沒聽別人說過:「我真的好喜歡晶圓,所以去台積電上班」或是「我好喜歡房子喔,所以去當房仲」。在所有產業裡,出版從業人員「因為喜歡而加入」的比例很高。<br />
<br />
另外一個觀察是,大部分的出版從業人員對於「想做出好書」的優先順序,是高於「賺大錢」的。只要能存活下來,把做暢銷書賺來的錢,賠本拿去做明知不會賣的冷門書的老闆所在多有。是因為世界上需要這本書而做,不是因為會大賣而做,在這個江湖裡,人人都想做出好作品,而你不做這樣的選擇,就不會被同業尊敬。<br />
<br />
總歸一句話,出版這行的人,大多數是想做出好產品來和對手公平競爭、把好產品推到市場來改變社會。因為喜歡才加入,做好產品才會贏得尊敬,這樣天真的產業真的很迷人,因為資本主義社會裡有太多不是用「做出好產品」來決勝負的事情了。<br />
<br />
話說白了,那些比拚誰先找到便宜的土地和人力、誰最敢把污染環境的成本轉嫁給社會、誰最會找政商關係、用政策優惠來決勝負的大老闆還少嗎?<br />
<br />
通俗商業戰場裡,那種絞盡腦汁採取不公平壟斷條件來占據市場、打壓對手,把重點放在壓低成本來賺更多錢的老闆,在這出版這行很少出現,就算存在,也無法贏得出版人的尊敬。<br />
<br />
但在另一方面,做出好產品才會被尊敬,暢銷賺錢不會贏得尊敬的「天真」,可能也註定了出版是個難以賺大錢的產業。<br />
<br />
好產品做行銷,卻會被嘲諷<br />
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就拿商業最基本的行銷推廣來說吧,每個行業都知道行銷很重要,但在天真浪漫的台灣出版業,你要是行銷做得太好(或只是做太多,不要說好不好),都會被罵、被酸。<br />
<br />
讀者會罵作者和出版社:「你們現在好商業化,一點都不熱血了,我再也不想支持你們了!」作者折磨自己的身心靈、投入時間精力寫的小說,連在自己的臉書推銷曝光太多,都會被同業明嘲暗諷。<br />
<br />
別說作者自己,就連做書的編輯,我問他們明明有好作品為什麼不加強行銷?他們都會擔心:「呃,行銷的好話我們似乎不該自己說,要不要找媒體來幫忙比較適合?」<br />
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寫出作品不能大聲張揚、做出產品也不能用力推廣,在出版這行,你不能說自己的心血結晶有多好,也不能想要賣座;你只能視名利如糞土、把金錢當浮雲,彷彿每天喝風吃土就能活。<br />
<br />
在這出版行,辦個好書獎也會被嗆「你憑什麼站在知識的制高點指點人家?」開獨立書店兼賣咖啡也會被笑「這哪裡是開書店,是做餐廳的啦!」作家在自己的臉書打書會被嫌「姿勢難看」,就連讀者買一本《做工的人》也會被文青酸「用資本主義消費底層人生」。看來,只有兩袖清風餓死路邊才會有人說:「哇,你好熱血,堅持夢想不改變。」<br />
<br />
當一個產業裡,會賺錢的不會被尊敬,想行銷的只會被酸被噓,甚至有些領域擺明不歡迎一般族群(你們程度不夠拜託不要進來),那難以獲利好像也不是什麼奇怪的事情。<br />
<br />
浪漫和生存中間,有沒有平衡點?<br />
<br />
用一個小故事來當結尾吧。<br />
<br />
某次聊天聚會,有個遊戲產業的朋友對我說:「我們這行有些人就是進來玩金錢遊戲的,對遊戲一點愛都沒有,對遊戲做的好不好也不在乎。」身為出版魯蛇的我只能回答:「你們那行還有金錢遊戲可以玩,我們這行,產值小到連金錢遊戲的玩家都不想進來好不好!」<br />
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在這個還保有天真浪漫的產業裡,因為喜歡書、因為想做出好作品的人好多,想撈錢的大概是沒有(先不說產值低落真的很難撈,就算真的撈到錢也不會被尊敬),所以它如此迷人;但另一方面,也因為天真浪漫的文青如此多,所以最基本的商業化行銷、推銷、甚至暢銷都會成為箭靶,只要通俗就顯得不夠上進,也難怪這行如此難以獲利。<br />
<br />
只是,如果要生存下去,能不能在天平的兩端取得一個平衡點?能否讓閱讀不分高下,尊重每個有求知慾、有好奇心的讀者,吸引更多人對不了解的事情產生興趣,歡迎更廣大的群眾,一起進入閱讀的領域呢?<br />
<br />
喔我忘了,光是「什麼才是閱讀」這件事,浪漫的出版業裡就可以吵個不停了。<br />
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原文出處:https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/6072/2939391?from=crm4-referralnews_ch2artbottom</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-34102480171007685462016-11-25T16:31:00.000+08:002018-08-29T22:23:13.584+08:00北野武:虛偽的真心話!還真好看,這本書!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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在書局時為了是否買這本書而猶豫,雖然大陸的書很便宜!但是我不想買無用的書,後來還好有買,因為本書意外的還蠻精采的,寫了很多讓人反思的事情,我也用螢光筆畫了不少覺得值得再讀的重點;我很佩服作者的直白,北野武寫了很多真心話,我認為現在社會像他這麼敢說的人太少了。<br />
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版主的旅遊部落格:<a href="http://www.mylifebits.org/" marked="1" target="_blank">寫些不三不四沒營養的東西,有興趣可以看看!</a><br />
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<h3>
<a href="https://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010782300?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201808" target="_blank">麥凱銷售聖經:從A到Z,輕鬆教你賣動全世界 The Mackay MBA of Selling in the Real World</a></h3>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-3066321537326530212016-11-03T06:32:00.000+08:002018-08-29T22:23:25.284+08:00未來就在眼前——李嘉誠先生在汕大2016屆畢業典禮上致辭 2016-06-30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">尊敬的姚明先生、各位校董、各位嘉賓、老師們、同學們:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">每年參加畢業典禮,感受你們壯志滿懷的興奮,我總是覺得自己很有福氣,謝謝你們和我分享人生這重要時刻。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">大家今天畢業了,四年努力,是時候給自己一些掌聲。是時候給愛你們,為你們付出的父母、老師們熱烈感謝的掌聲。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">踏出校門,你將邁進急速銳變的年代,科技催迫全方位的改變,以往熟悉的模式不斷更新重塑,全球在世局變幻不定、經濟不穩的大氣候中謀求轉型發展;這</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">以往不再,未來沒來</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">的關頭,是契機還是危機</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">濫竽充數已經沒有市場,沒有解決方案的雄偉願景更是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">有毒組合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">,貽誤資源、時間還未最可怕,你知道我最害怕是什麼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">?</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">我最害怕主觀、因循的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">心向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">。我們對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">閉塞傾向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">要時刻高度戒備,功能凝固及慣性定向的惰性判斷,是走向未來的障礙和負累,錯誤的政策或計畫,只會把未來困鎖在永無盡頭而又徒勞無功的迷惘中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">大家都知道科技創意帶來高增長機遇,但世界依然困擾重重,環境難以持續,不公平、不公正、不安、焦躁處處,令人畏懼。你如何把恐懼轉化為促動力,成為未來的想像者,和困難的解決者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">─ </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">承擔各種不可能的挑戰和任務</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> ─ </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">不輸給風雨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">我沒有成功錦囊,但有三個心法希望和你們分享。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">這高增長的年代,要脫穎而出,必須不斷強化謙遜的學習態度。當人工智慧讓機器也有觀察力和邏輯力時,心智、心像力是你擁有洞見,有先見之明潛力的關鍵。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">科技是高增長的基石,人才創意是發動機,但社會的包容是燃料,三者合一,孕育出共同習、共同反覆運算,讓新觀點引向新洞見,有升級增值力,有協變力的社會,才能享受連續鏈良性迴圈的紅利。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">銳變的年代,也同時是人格力量的年代,在理想大道上趕路時,希望你們有悲天憫人的心懷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">不要忘記有能力幫助別人是福分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">近日我對福氣一詞有真切的領悟,一場小病,在家休息期間,我迷上了在虛擬世界抄經</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">─ </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">迷上了懷素的狂草。虛擬空間裡真爽,筆鋒意連,生生不息。回到現實世界裡,我感謝大家對我的厚愛,親情友誼關懷的珍貴,令熹微晨光,倍感殷殷相迎,夜裡蟲聲唧唧,從前種種,易上心頭,一切毫不容易,但我沒有歎息,我始終是個快樂的人,因為我作為一個人、一個企業家,我盡了一切所能服務社會。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">各位同學,我知道你們大家一切準備就緒,預祝你們在建立自我,追求無我的過程中,活出成功、豐盛、快樂和充滿尊嚴的人生。我期待中華民族因為有你而變得更美好,人類因為有你而增加福分。今天,你以汕大為榮,明天汕大必以你為榮。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">謝謝大家。</span><br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "pmingliu" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
<h3>
<a href="https://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010782300?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201808" target="_blank">麥凱銷售聖經:從A到Z,輕鬆教你賣動全世界 The Mackay MBA of Selling in the Real World</a></h3>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-52103952113045519952016-10-13T17:29:00.002+08:002018-08-29T22:23:39.669+08:00創業要融資,但拿錢別踩雷啊!俏江南的張蘭為何會被投資人趕出俏江南?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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這篇文章對於創業要融資的合約陷阱與風險有詳細的分析說明,要融資的朋友可以參考看看。<br />
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<h3>
<a href="https://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010782300?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201808" target="_blank">麥凱銷售聖經:從A到Z,輕鬆教你賣動全世界 The Mackay MBA of Selling in the Real World</a></h3>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-55000985444290191972016-07-26T16:31:00.000+08:002016-07-26T16:31:01.482+08:00為什麼說蒲松齡是中國最偉大的短篇小說家?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2016-07-09</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><i><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">趙松</span></i><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">外灘畫報</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<b><i><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">這部作品在中國文學史上創造了一種特殊的高度。此文為蒲松齡逝世三百周年而作。</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">三百年前,清康熙五十四年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1715</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年)的除夕,在山東淄川家中,中國史上最偉大的短篇小說家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">——</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">七十六歲的蒲松齡寫了生命中最後一篇文字</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">——</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">絕句《除夕》:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">三百余辰又一周,團圞笑語繞爐頭。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">朝來不解緣何事,對酒無歡只欲愁。</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">因心中隱約有莫名的不安,或某種不祥的預感,他在春節期間又自蔔了一卦,不吉。正月初五是他父親的祭日,他不顧勸阻率兒孫去祖墳拜掃祭典,當時天冷風冽,歸來後他即身體不適,正月二十二的早晨,他倚窗危坐而卒。</span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">失敗的文人</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">蒲</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">松齡臨終前的不安與執意祭父,究竟是為了什麼?或許,那不安是因為對其人生大限將至的預感,而在這樣的心境下,他想到的,很可能是自己終其一生也沒能實現</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">父親的期望</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">——</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">以己之力為蒲氏家族搏得半點功名。這是他的終身之憾。活得夠久,對於他來說,既是幸運也是不幸,說幸運,是他因此得以從容完成《聊齋志異》</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的寫作,說不幸,是他在晚年不得不長久地活在因功名無成而愧對先人的陰影裡。作為一個文人,他的一生是失敗的。雖然他少年時即才華盡顯、嶄露頭角,但成年</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">後卻再無起色,奮鬥多年也沒能獲得入仕的機會,最好的時候也就做了一年多地方小官的幕僚,多數時間是做家鄉望族的家教,最慘澹時還曾以賣文為生,直到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">72 </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">歲才成為貢生,可以說是漫漫人生步步低回,在幾乎是常態的貧困拮据中鬱悶終老。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">再</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">者,作為一介文人,蒲松齡不僅在博取功名的科舉路上屢戰屢挫,在文人賴以立名的詩文上也始終沒能有所突破。雖也曾偶有人識其才(如朱蘭坡編《國朝古文匯</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">鈔》時選其文章兩篇),但說到底也還是因《聊齋志異》的名氣,對其文章本身評價並不高,不過稱其用意與造句</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">均以纖巧勝,猶之乎《志異》也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">如果說科舉</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">仕途上的失敗還可以時運不濟為自己略為開解,那麼在詩文上的不成功,則顯然是更本質意義上的失敗,敗得他顏面全無。</span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雅愛搜神的</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">歧途</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">蒲</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">松齡年輕時的志向,是成為唐代郭子儀式的國之棟樑人物。不難想像,像他這樣一個志向遠大而且骨子裡又非常自負的人,面對科場、文壇的雙重失敗,該是怎樣難</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">堪壓抑的心境。他認為自己之所以屢試屢敗,並非因為能力不夠、文章不好(因為當時文章大家施閏章先生就很賞識他的八股文),而是那些鄉試同考官有眼無珠。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">但在其好友,也是後來曾招他入幕為賓的寶應縣長官孫蕙看來,卻並非如此。孫蕙認為真正導致蒲松齡科場失敗的原因,其實是在於他沒能全身心專注於科舉之事,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">而是在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雅愛搜神</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的事上花費了太多的心思,說得直白些就是你太不務正業。在他的另一位朋友張篤慶眼中,雖也贊其是寫《博物志》的張華式的不尋常人物,但</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">也暗示他,癡迷於志怪之事,而不務科舉、詩文之正業,終歸會落得空夢一場。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">事</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">與願違的是,越是在科場、文壇不得志,蒲松齡卻偏偏越是在寫難登大雅之堂的小說之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">歧途</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">上走得起勁。這其實不難理解,一是因為他確實真愛寫,一是因為那</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">些鬱結於心的失敗感跟他的天賦之才混合醞釀之後,也形成了一股難以壓制的能量,他必須要為它找到釋放的出口。這能量始終驅動著他的小說寫作。直到他三十九</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">歲那年(即康熙十八年,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1679</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">)初步成書,估計應有百篇左右,而神、鬼、妖、狐、人間異事以及夢幻、離魂、異國異事諸類具備。此後的三十多年,他所做的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">就是不斷補充、反復打磨、使之完善。此書之於他,正如蚌含的石子,必有磨損之痛,但亦自有沉湎之快慰,得其時機,且蘊含多時之後,就必然會孕育成珍珠。這</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">珍珠,就是那部中國古今短篇小說空前絕後的巔峰之作:《聊齋志異》。</span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《聊齋志異》名揚天下</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">齋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,後人多以為是聊天之意,其實從蒲松齡的心境來分析,應是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊以自慰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,寫《聊齋志異》,是他在科場無望、文壇無名之後寄託心神情感</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的事情。他深愛此事,但也明知此事做得再好,也只是慰藉自己的內心,對於他的科舉、文壇理想也不可能會有什麼實際益處。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">據</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">說蒲松齡早在弱冠之年即喜歡各種遍覽歷代神仙志怪之書,仰慕寫《搜神記》的晉人幹寶一類的人物,此愛好從他為自己取字</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">留仙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">就能感覺得到。真正開始動筆</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">寫自己的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">搜神記</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,差不多是他二十四五歲的時候。《聊齋志異》初稿出來,就逐漸在朋友間流傳,隨後越傳越廣,名聲遠揚。對《聊齋志異》真正在文壇內成名</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">起到關鍵作用的,是當時北方的文壇領袖、同為山東人的王士禎(漁洋)。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">王</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">士禎的姑父,即是蒲松齡教書的畢府老爺畢際有。康熙二十四年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1685</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">),王士禎回鄉守制,順便去拜訪姑父。畢際有委派蒲松齡接待比自己年長六歲的王士</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">禎。見面之前,王士禎已看過早有耳聞的《聊齋志異》中的幾篇,見面後兩人相談甚歡。王雖身居高位,但禮賢下士,蒲松齡雖性情孤傲,但對王其實是傾慕多時,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">並請王指點一下自己的詩。而王士禎真正在意的,是《聊齋志異》,而非蒲松齡的詩。後來蒲把《聊齋志異》手稿寄給王士禎,仔細讀罷,王選了幾個短的,收入</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《池北偶談》。四年後,王士禎專門寫了首詩《戲書蒲生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊齋志異</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">卷後》:</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">姑妄言之姑聽之,豆棚瓜架雨如絲。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">料應厭作人間語,愛聽秋墳鬼唱時。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">王</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">士禎的眼光和鑒賞力自是不必說的,關鍵是他不僅懂得《聊齋志異》的精彩,還深知蒲松齡的懷才不遇之苦。首尾兩句用了蘇東坡和李賀的典故,這二位都是有大才</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">而不得志的人物,以他們來比同樣有才而不得志的蒲松齡,實在是最好的讚美。更重要的是第三句,點透了蒲松齡的心境和心事:這位老兄之所以愛寫這樣的小說文</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">字,應是已然厭倦了人世間的這些破事兒,不再想說</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">人間語</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">了。估計看到這首詩時,蒲先生已是淚水漣漣矣。世間最難得知音,想想自己多年來求功名而無門、</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">往文壇而無路,常常寄人籬下,飽嘗人世艱辛委屈,如今竟然憑藉這部原以為上不得檯面的《聊齋志異》而博得王士禎這樣的大人物如此高的評價,真是足慰平生</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">了。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">讓蒲松齡更感動不已的是,在返還的《聊齋志異》手稿裡,王士禎還夾了些字條,上面寫的都是對一些篇章及人物的精闢點評。為此蒲松齡也寫了首詩《次韻答王司寇阮亭先生見贈》作為回應:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">十年頗得黃州意,冷雨寒燈夜話時。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">想表達什麼呢?全詩沒見一句感激涕零的話。前兩句其實說的是自己寫《聊齋志異》這件事兒在朋友眼中是可笑的,因為不務正業,還把自己弄得貧病衰疲,處境頗</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">為淒涼。後兩句寫的是他自負且堅定的心態,雖然寫小說難登大雅之堂,但自認為是達到了蘇東坡的意境的,因此在淒涼處境中仍堅持寫了這本書,心態是從容淡定</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的。從中大可見他的個性之孤介。他知道王士禎是謙和儒雅、有名士風度的人,他們之間是真正的君子之交,是可以實話實說的。他知道王士禎是真正懂他的人。此</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">後十幾年間,蒲松齡先後四次將增益過的《聊齋志異》手稿寄給王士禎,而王亦會認真閱讀評點後再寄還,給了蒲松齡極大的鼓勵和慰藉。雖然後來王士禎並未履行</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">諾言為《聊齋志異》寫序,但經過他的激賞,《聊齋志異》聲名遠揚。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">清</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">人陸以湉在《冷廬雜識》裡說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">蒲氏松齡《聊齋志異》流播海內,幾於家有其書。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">這裡說的實際上已是道光年間的事了。在蒲松齡生前,《聊齋》一書凡四百餘</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">篇六十多萬字,都是以手抄本形式流傳於世的,之所以未能印行,主要還是由於家境貧寒,無力為之。蒲松齡死後又過了半個世紀後,直到乾隆三十一年</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1766</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">),才終於有萊陽人趙起杲與鮑廷博攜手編刻出版了首部《聊齋志異》,即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">青柯亭刻本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,後來在此版本基礎又出了很多不同類型的注評版本風行天</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">下。</span></div>
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<b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">空前絕後唯《聊齋》</span></b></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">紀曉嵐在主導編修《四庫全書》時,並沒有收入早已近聲名卓著近百年的《聊齋志異》,主要原因是不易歸類。它既非志怪、傳奇,也非筆記。它是前所未有的新小說樣態。而對於此,恰恰是紀曉嵐等所不能明白的。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">盛</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">時彥曾引述紀曉嵐的話:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《聊齋志異》盛行一時,然才子之筆,非著書者之筆也。虞初以下天寶以上古書多佚矣,其可見完帙者,劉敬叔《異苑》、陶潛《續搜神</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">記》,小說類也;《飛燕外傳》、《會真記》,傳記類也;《太平廣記》事以類聚,硌可並收;今一書(《聊齋》)而兼二體,所未解也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他想說的就是,這《聊</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">齋》啊,體例之駁雜實在讓人費解。當然這還只是對體例持保留態度。說到具體的寫法,在紀曉嵐這個典型的志怪、筆記體裁的原教旨主義者眼中,蒲松齡這樣寫小</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">說是不對的,是不合情理的。他說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">小說既述見聞,即屬敘事,不比戲場關目,隨意裝點</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">……</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">今燕昵之詞,爃狎之態,細微曲折,摹繪如生,使出自言,似無此</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">理,使出作者代言,則何從而聞見之,又所未解也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的意思是,寫小說既然寫的是自己的所見所聞,就不能像演戲那麼隨意編排,蒲松齡寫的那些神鬼妖狐之類的故事,你說是它們自己講的吧,顯然不可能,你說是作</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">者轉述的吧,他又是從哪裡看見聽到的呢?根本說不通,也沒法理解。要知道,紀曉嵐這個人,本身也是個小說高手,而並非外行。他的《閱微草堂筆記》成就之</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">高,在後人眼中是可以跟《聊齋志異》並稱絕世雙壁的。他說的這些話,也是嚴肅認真的。因為他寫《閱微草堂筆記》,基本上是堅持傳統的志怪、筆記式寫法的。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">儘管他也有不少篇章在寫到細節時實際上已經突破了他自認為的界限,但他在評判《聊齋志異》時仍然自信滿滿地固執己見。有意思的是,常居廟堂之上的紀曉嵐,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">終其一生是官做得好、主編《四庫全書》居功至偉,但其個人作品流傳後世的,偏偏就是這部《閱微草堂筆記》。跟一生苦求舉業功名與文名而不得,只能埋沒鄉</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">野,卻憑一部《聊齋志異》而成就其不朽的蒲松齡,剛好是殊途同歸。說到底,兩個人都有天賦之文才,卻因時局所限而不能用於正途,只能另闢蹊徑、旁逸斜出開</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">奇葩了。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">但</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">紀曉嵐的不認同蒲松齡,卻是一個關乎小說創新的重要事件。魯迅在評價《閱微草堂筆記》時寫道:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">‘</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊以遣日</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">’</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">之書,而立法甚嚴,舉其體要,則在尚質黜</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">華,追蹤晉宋。自序雲,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">‘</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">頃昔作者如王仲任、應仲遠引經據古,博辨宏通,陶淵明、劉敬叔、劉義慶簡淡數言,自然妙遠。誠不敢妄擬前修,然大旨期不乖於風</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">教</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">’</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">者,即此之謂。其軌範如是,故與《聊齋》之取法傳奇者途徑自殊,然較以晉宋人書,則《閱微》又過偏於論議。蓋不安於僅為小說,更欲有益人心,即與晉宋</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">志怪精神,自然違隔;且末流加厲,易墮為報應因果之談也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">可以說是點中了紀曉嵐這種寫法的要害。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">尚</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">質黜華、不乖風教、有益人心,這是紀氏寫《閱微草堂筆記》的基本要求。若不是他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">本長文筆,多見秘書,又襟懷夷曠,故凡測鬼神之情狀,發人間之幽微,托狐</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">鬼以抒己見者,雋思妙語,時足解頤;間雜考辨,亦有灼見。敘述複雍容淡雅,天趣盎然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">(魯迅語),以那樣的要求能寫出什麼樣的作品,可想而知了。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">換</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">句話說,紀曉嵐的寫作,遠比其觀念高明。他當然知道蒲松齡寫得有多好,但仍舊堅持不能認同的主要原因,不僅僅在於小說在他那裡只是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">‘</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊以遣日</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">’</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的業餘之</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">事,更在於他認為小說之體裁,早已完備,前人已經做得很好了,他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">誠不敢妄擬前修</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">。而《聊齋志異》恰恰就是破了前人規矩的,是別開生面、自成新體的異</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">類。因此他無法認同,這其中暴露出來的不只是他的小說觀的問題,還有他的習慣性官方思維。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">當</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">然有清一代,誤解蒲松齡的人也遠不只紀曉嵐一個。陸以湉在《冷廬雜識》裡就頗不以為然地寫道:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">蒲氏書固雅令,然其描繪狐鬼,多屬寓言,荒幻浮傳經,奚裨</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">後學?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">而俞樾《春在堂隨筆》中曾說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">先君子(俞鴻漸)亦雲:蒲留仙,才人也,其所藻繢,未脫唐宋小說窠臼;若紀文達《閱微草堂五種》,專為勸懲起見,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">敘事簡,說理透,不屑屑於描頭畫角,非留仙所及。餘著《右台仙館筆記》,以《閱微》為法,而不襲《聊齋》筆意,秉先君子之訓也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">俞</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">樾本人也是寫筆記小說的高手,《右台仙館筆記》就是繼《閱微草堂筆記》之後的又一不可多得的佳作。但他跟紀曉嵐一樣,在觀念不能認同蒲松齡。而且,他對於</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">後來那些模仿《聊齋》的作品也給予了相當嚴厲的批評:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">然《聊齋》藻繢,不失為古豔,後之繼《聊齋》而作者,則俗豔而已。甚或庸惡不堪入目,猶自詡為步武</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《聊齋》,何留仙之不幸也。留仙有文集,世罕知之;朱蘭坡前輩《國朝古文匯鈔》曾錄其文二篇,其用意,其造句,均以纖巧勝,猶之乎《志異》也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《聊</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">齋志異》之所以稱得上是中國古代短篇小說之集大成者,不僅因其能將志怪、傳奇之法融為一體,還在於蒲松齡在寫作手法上受益于《左傳》、《史記》,乃至於先</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">秦諸子處甚多,因此在文體上才會那樣的成熟,語言飽滿自然,結構佈局精妙,且無傳統志怪的過簡、唐傳奇的過於華麗等問題。《聊齋志異》是蒲松齡生前反復修</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">訂過的,因此在各卷篇章分佈上是非常講究的。從他根據小說的篇幅長短、內容類別型來安排次序這一點來看,能夠非常清晰地看出他對於全書整體節奏、調子的控制</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">是有通盤考量的。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">也</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">就是說,他跟過去、同代、後輩的志怪、傳奇的作者們(包括跟紀曉嵐這樣的作者)最根本的不同之處,是他有作品整體的概念</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">——</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《聊齋志異》是一部作品,而不</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">只是作品合集,它是一個有機的整體。因此只要我們從頭到尾一氣把這部《聊齋》讀下來,而不是不時隨機抽取幾篇去看,就一定能清晰地感受到整體節奏、氣氛的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">變化,以及同類型作品、不同類型作品之間的微妙的對應和呼應關係,進而還能在充分體會到他在不同小說中所使用的不同手法、結構方式的妙處的同時,意識到全</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">書整體需要的作用。尤其是那些純傳統志怪體的超短篇,如果我們只是單獨去看它們,並不會覺得有什麼不同以往的特別之處,但只要把它們放回到書裡,放回到它</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">們原有的位置上,從整體上去貫通起來讀,就會發現它們在生成全書結構過程中所擁有的非凡價值。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">當</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">然拋開整體不談,《聊齋志異》裡,無論是那些偏長些的篇章,還是那些短篇有超短篇,都各有精彩可觀之處。從傳播的角度來看,《聊齋》最有名的篇章,幾乎都</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">是篇幅較長的那些,如《嬰寧》、《聶小倩》、《蓮香》、《青鳳》、《畫皮》、《辛十四娘》等。它們當然都是名至實歸、世不二出的傑作。但對於它們的激賞,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">很容易導致對於那些短小篇章的精彩的忽視,甚至會有這樣的錯覺,它們雖然也不錯,但終歸不能跟前面那些名篇所達到的完美高度相比擬。後世人中注意到這個問</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">題的,我覺得是孫犁。他就曾在那篇《關於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">聊齋志異</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">》裡坦承,他早年是喜歡那些偏長一些篇章的,而到了晚年,卻越來越喜歡那些短小的了。下</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">面我們就以短小篇章的代表作《酒友》為例,來說說蒲松齡的小說藝術所達到的高度:</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">車生者,家不中資,而耽飲,夜非浮三白不能寢也,以故床頭樽常不空。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一夜睡醒,轉側間,似有人共臥者,意是覆裳墮耳。摸之,則茸茸有物,似貓而巨;燭之,狐也,酣醉而犬臥。視其瓶,則空矣。因笑曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">此我酒友也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">不忍驚,覆衣加臂,與之共寢。留燭以觀其變。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">半夜,狐欠伸。生笑曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美哉睡乎</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">!”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">啟覆視之,儒冠之俊人也。起拜榻前,謝不殺之恩。生曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">我癖于曲蘖,而人以為癡;卿我鮑叔也。如不見疑,當為糟丘之良友。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">曳登榻,複寢。且言:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">卿可常臨,無相猜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">狐諾之。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">生既醒,則狐已去。乃治旨酒一盛,專伺狐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">抵夕,果至,促膝歡飲。狐量豪,善諧,於是恨相得晚。狐曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">屢叨良醞,何以報德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">?”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">生曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">鬥酒之歡,何置齒頰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">!”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">狐曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雖然,君貧士,杖頭錢大不易。當為君少謀酒資。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">明夕,來告曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">去此東南七裡,道側有遺金,可早取之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">詰旦而往,果得二金,乃市佳餚,以佐夜飲。狐又告曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">院後有窖藏,宜發之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">如其言,果得錢百餘千。喜曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">囊中已自有,莫漫愁沽矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">狐曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">不然。轍中水胡可以久掬?合更謀之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">異日,謂生曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">市上蕎價廉,此奇貨可居。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">從之,收養四十余石。人鹹非笑之。未幾,大旱,禾豆盡枯,惟蕎可種。售種,息十倍。由此益富,治沃田二百畝。但問狐,多種麥則麥收,多種黍則黍收,一切種植之早晚,皆取決於狐。日稔密,呼生妻以嫂,視子猶子焉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">後生卒,狐遂不復來。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">人狐因好酒成好友,自然讓人覺得與那些寫人鬼、人狐戀情大異其趣。雖然情節並不複雜,但蒲松齡的高明之處,在於他能在如此短小的篇幅裡,做出豐富的敘事層次,而且能做到層層現驚奇。</span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">第</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一層驚奇,是車生髮現有狐同床時竟毫不畏懼,並視此醉狐為酒友,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">不忍驚,覆衣加臂,與之共寢。留燭以觀其變。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">不忍驚,三個字把他的厚道都寫出來了。第</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">二層驚奇,是他對那只醒來的狐說的第一句話:睡得真美啊!完全是把狐當成同類的感歎。第三層驚奇,是車生竟進而直呼狐為鮑叔。因酒而與狐精為管鮑之交,不</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">能不說是種超然的狀態了。車生與狐精成酒友後的一部分,筆墨著力于這段世間罕有的友誼境界的描述。狐精報達了車生的友誼,逐步讓車生脫貧致富,有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">沃田二</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">百畝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,其實也算不上大富。難得的是,車生無貪意,對酒友狐精無所求,只要不愁買酒錢就很好了。第四層驚奇,是狐精後來與車生一家竟然好得像一家人似的。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">第五層驚奇,是最後結尾,蒲松齡突然一轉筆鋒,一句話就收束了整篇小說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">後生卒,狐遂不復來。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">讓人忽然有種莫名懸空的感覺。一個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">卒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">字,一個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">不復</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">來</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,把本來並不同類但因酒而成同道的車生與狐精共同構建起來的充滿酒香的友誼空間轉眼就傾空了,就像一個酒器猶存、酒香未盡的房間,沉浸其中多時的一對</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">異類知己,卻再也不會出現了。讀它的人無法不悵然,再讀之又不能不讚歎:蒲松齡是真的會寫啊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">蒲</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">松齡在《聊齋志異》裡所取得的文學成就,毫無疑問是世界級的。對此,博爾赫斯曾在《聊齋》的西班牙語選本序言中有過獨到而又精闢的評述:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《聊齋》在中國</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的地位,猶如《一千零一夜》之在西方。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">……</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">幽默與諷刺的潑辣以及強大的想像力,用極普通的素材毫不費力地編織情節,其跌宕起伏如流水,千姿百態似行雲。這</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">是夢幻的王國,或者更確切地說,是夢魘的畫廊和迷宮。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">最後他補充道:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一個國家的特徵在其想像中表現的最為充分。這本書(《聊齋》)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">……</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">使人依稀看到一</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">個世界上最古老的文化,同時也看到一種與荒誕的虛構的異乎尋常的接近。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-54723002523273869492016-06-09T22:21:00.002+08:002016-06-09T22:21:44.769+08:00重大經濟犯都這麼做!十分鐘讓你看懂如何掏空一間公司 《公司的品格》:22個案例,了解公司治理和上市櫃公司的財務陷阱!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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我們想讓你知道的是<br /><br />在台灣,幾乎所有重大公司弊案都必然伴隨著企業掏空。一個投資人或是一家公司的關係人要避免誤踩地雷,當然要了解常見的企業掏空手法。<br />如何掏空一間公司?<br /><br />在台灣,幾乎所有重大公司弊案都必然伴隨著企業掏空。一個投資人或是一家公司的關係人要避免誤踩地雷,當然要了解常見的企業掏空手法。<br /><br />不過,在回答這個問題前,要先定義一下什麼叫「企業掏空」。過去的年代由於小股東意識未抬頭,法律也不完備,因此傳統上的掏空是指,握有公司控制權的人透過他的影響力,把公司的資產移轉到他個人或特定的人名下,弄到最後公司只剩下空殼子和一堆負債留給銀行和債權人去承受。不過近年來隨著知識的進步,愈來愈多老闆們了解殺雞取卵不見得是好主意,更高明的辦法應該是把雞養著,三不五時把雞蛋偷回家才是王道。所以現代對於掏空定義不再是要把公司「掏到空」,只要是公司的錢或資產移到私人口袋之中,就叫做掏空。<br /><br />為什麼要掏空公司?很簡單,因為這是人之常情。台灣多數企業都起源於草創時期老闆一個人獨資或是少數股東合夥,在大家又是股東又是公司經營者的情況下,反正袋裡袋外都是自己的錢,自然很少也不太有必要把公司的錢放進自己口袋裡。等到公司成長到一定規模,這時就會有外部股東加入,這些投資者通常只出錢不參與公司經營。如此一來,原有老闆會因為新投資者的加入持股比例下降,而新投資者又不見得完全清楚公司內部的情況,這時誘惑就會開始在老闆身邊打轉。等到公司更大,甚至股票上市交易,這時候老闆持股比例更低,甚至經常是不到30%,但公司相關的利益卻可能大上三倍都不只,這時「魔鬼」自然會對老闆招手:「你這麼努力工作,結果賺100元真的進你口袋的只有30元,這些投資人什麼事都沒做卻要分到70元真不合理。你為什麼不想辦法幫自己多賺一點,這是你應得的啊!」就是這樣的心態,往往開啟了老闆掏空自家公司的第一步。<br /><br />話雖如此,也不是老闆自己想掏空就可以掏空的,畢竟公司還有其他董事、監察人以及代表外部監督的會計師等的存在。所以要掏空前的首要條件就是要取得絕對控制權。這件事在歐美上市公司並不容易,但拜台灣企業中常見的交叉持股和特有的「法人董事代表制」所賜,只要不是有外部董事或是市場派介入經營權,在台灣控制股東要取得絕對權力形成董事會的一言堂一點都不難,甚至是相當普遍現象。<br /><br />順利取得絕對權力後,理論上接下來就可以盡情地掏空了。話雖如此,由於台灣掏空案例的層出不窮引起主管機關的注意、股東意識抬頭,再加上台灣企業的日益國際化和金融工具的不斷創新,這一切都讓掏空的手法愈益複雜化,還隨著時代變遷和法令規定與時俱進。以下就分別依不同等級掏空手法來進行介紹。<br />
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更多關於本書請看:<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010626613" marked="1" target="_blank">《公司的品格》:22個案例,了解公司治理和上市櫃公司的財務陷阱!</a><br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />初級班階段的結構多半比較簡單,多由上市櫃公司(A公司)和老闆自己成立或以老闆親友掛名的公司(B或多家公司),以及真正交易對手C公司三方所組成。具體的手法如下:<br /><br />.要求公司訂單過一手給以自己親友名義成立的公司:也就是A公司原本接到一筆訂單可以賺100萬,要求對方改向自己控制的B公司採購,再由B公司向A公司下單。最後利潤變成A公司賺30萬,而把最大的利潤留在老闆自己控制的B公司。類似的情況,也包括老闆指示將公司產品以低於市價賣給自己控制的B公司,讓B公司價格在市場上具有高度競爭力,甚至回過頭來和A公司競爭。<br /><br />.指定進貨:針對公司重要原料,由老闆私人投資設廠和取得代理權,再以集團整合為由,指定A公司進料一定要向該公司進貨。<br /><br />.指定發包:舉凡A公司擴廠、購入資產,甚至公司大大小小用品都指定向B公司購買,再由B公司對外發包從中賺一手。<br /><br />.成立投資部門:以投資為名,把公司資金投資老闆個人設立的公司,再由老闆自家人擔任該投資公司主管,將公司投資資金化為私人花費。類似的情況還有以公益為名捐贈老闆家族實質控制的基金會。<br /><br />.關係人交易:以高於市價向老闆或其關係人購入土地或房屋等資產。<br /><br />.擔保抵押:由A公司出面擔保B公司向銀行借款。甚至是以A公司定存單或資產作為抵押擔保B公司借款。接下來掏空B公司資產,由A公司擔負賠償。<br /><br />.移轉營業費用:將老闆私人公司相關人事及費用均掛在A公司上,由A公司代養老闆私人公司。<br /><br />.關係人承購債券:由老闆私人成立的公司發行債券,再由A公司認購。<br /><br />.庫藏股票:透過公司庫藏股實施,運用公司資金從市場上買進自家股票,大股東再乘機賣出或出清手中持股。<br /><br />.灌水資產價值進行超貸:這類掏空者多半同時擁有金融業和實業控制權,以實業公司製造假訂單或是高估資產價格模式向自家金融機構借貸,再運用對該金融機構的控制力通過該項貸款,來掏空這家金融機構。<br /><br />.賺取差價或傭金:利用手中權力,將公司資金指定買進特定金融商品或資產,而買賣仲介費則進入私人口袋。或者反過來,將公司有價值資產低價賣給他方,中間價差再由買方支付公司決策者。<br /><br />.關係人借貸:當然,最簡單的方法,直接叫公司財務把公司帳上現金以業主往來(借貸)或根本不需任何理由直接轉入老闆海外帳戶。<br /><br />和初級班不同的是,中級班手法多牽涉到多家公司,甚至是海外公司。同時在金融操作手法上也更為專業,一般都要有專業人士在背後對上市櫃企業進行技術指導才做得到。我們同樣以A公司為主體上市公司,B、C、D三家為以A公司資金所成立的子公司。<br /><br />.虛增營收:由A公司偽造訂單出貨給自家海外B、C、D公司,造就公司營收大增,甚至是獲利大增的假象。再透過威脅和利誘模式要求A公司上游供應商E和F買回B、C、D公司存貨,再由E、F將同批存貨以原料名義銷往A公司後,再次以出口名義銷往B、C、D形成循環性銷貨。公司老闆可能透過這樣的假營收來炒作股票、向銀行貸款,或是利用B、C、D未上市會計稽核相較寬鬆特性,將公司貨款轉入私人口袋。<br /><br />.切割獲利部門:切割A公司有價值部門獨立成為子公司,此後再透過不斷增資或員工認股模式稀釋原母公司股權,最後公司金雞母成為私人股權控制公司。<br /><br />.金融工具套利:例如透過發行海外可轉換公司債(ECB),再把ECB切割為認股權(Warrant)和債券二部分,由公司大股東透過海外私人帳戶或親友帳戶認購較低價的認股權,屆時如果國內股價上漲,則轉換為普通股賣出。反之,如果低於轉換價,則藉由董事會決議調整換轉價格,犧牲公司權益而作出對自己有利的決定。<br /><br />.海外子公司:利用海外子公司不易查核特性,先透過三角貿易把利潤留在海外子公司,再以投資名義將該子公司現金購入不記名債券或特定金融資產,企業主再盜賣該項資產,將現金轉入個人帳戶。<br /><br />高級班之所以高級,除了掏空手法承襲中級班的「國際化」之外,通常也結合了金融衍生商品或是國際投資銀行為客戶量身打造的金融商品。正因為這些金融商品具有高度「客製化」和「創新」,一般人包括專業人士都很難了解這些商品的價值和風險,甚至是背後隱含的交易條件。往往都要等公司無法再隱藏下去出事了或是相關人士「窩裡反」,外部人才能得知這些商品的全貌。高級班的案例就直接以素有「台灣版恩龍案」的博達科技的操作實務作為說明。<br /><br />.信用連結債券(CLN,Credit Linked Notes)虛增銀行存款:2002年的博達科技因為大量虛假交易,造成應收帳款節節升高,讓財報數字看來不佳。於是博達董事長葉素菲先指示公司員工以個人名義在英屬維京群島設立一家紙上公司—北亞金融(North Asia Financial Limited)。由這家公司委託法國興業銀行發行8,500萬美元的CLN。在此同時,博達科技則是和菲律賓首都銀行簽約,先由博達海外假代理商以支付貨款為名匯入8,500萬美元於博達首都銀行帳戶內。再由博達和首都銀行簽定合約,以這筆存款為擔保指示首都銀行購入這筆以連結北亞金融為標的CLN。而北亞金融再依此和興業銀行取得8,500萬美元貸款。<br /><br />在這個架構下,法國興業銀行和菲律賓首都銀行其實只是幫博達和北亞把錢轉來轉去,並收取高額手續費。但是從財報上看來卻是博達應收帳款的下降和現金存款部位的增加。殊不知其實這筆存款早就被凍結。等到博達後來申請重整時,首都銀行立即依原訂合約將購入的CLN轉給博達,並直接將帳款從博達帳面現金扣除。而另一頭北亞金融所獲得貸款的8,500萬美元則不知所蹤。<br /><br />.應收帳款融資(Factoring)與零息債券(Zero Coupon Bond):2004年博達由於應收帳款過高、帳齡過長,簽證會計師強烈要求增提備抵壞帳費用。這將不利於博達的盈餘數字。於是葉素菲指示公司邱姓經理人同樣於英屬維京群島設立紙上公司—AIM Global。<br /><br />接下來葉素菲和澳洲CBA銀行香港分公司和澳洲子公司CTB簽定以9折出售博達五大人頭客戶的應收帳款,並約定出售所得金額4,500萬美元限定存入博達在CBA銀行開立的帳戶中。緊接著AIM Global邱姓負責人再和CTB簽定合約買下這批應收帳款,並以這批應收帳款發行一年期的零息債券,這批債券全數再由博達以CBA帳戶中存款為擔保指示CBA購入。和上例一樣,透過類似的手法誤導博達關係人以為博達應收帳款下降和銀行存款增加的假象。以及不知情這筆存款早以被銀行限定使用,因此同樣地當博達發生信用違約和重整時,CBA直接將這批零息債券交付博達,並從銀行帳戶內扣除原有的4,500萬美元。<br /><br />.海外可轉換公司債套利:2003年由於博達長期以假交易灌水營收,公司資金已出現不足的窘境,因此有意發行海外可轉換公司債5,000萬美元來籌措資金。但因在2001年博達發行國內可轉換公司債時已明定,日後發行的可轉債不得為有擔保發行,因此只好朝向無擔保可轉債發行。<br /><br />由於當時博達財務不佳傳聞四起,深怕無擔保海外可轉債會發行失敗,於是葉素菲指示邱姓主管在英屬維京群島設立二家帳上公司—Best Focus和Fernvale,再由博達背書保證,由這二家公司分別向羅伯銀行(RaboBank)和菲律賓首都銀行各借款4,000萬和1,000萬美元。接下來再由這二家公司以借貸而來的5,000萬美元全數買下博達發行的海外可轉換公司債。<br /><br />和前例相同,博達在擔保借款時即和這二家銀行在合約中簽定,未來博達發行可轉債成功後,取得的5,000萬美元需回存銀行並限制動用,倘若博達發生信用問題,這二家銀行有權把這二家公司債權交還博達,並直接從帳戶內扣除現金。<br /><br />挾著海外可轉債的發行成功,博達並加碼在2003年11月宣布實施庫藏股。在二項利多加持下,博達股價上漲到17.4元,高於預設海外可轉債的轉換價15.08元。於是這二家子公司馬上在短時間把所有可轉債都轉換為普通股在股票市場上拋售,全部出售股權所得約5,314萬美元。取得資金之後,博達並未立即歸還借款,僅先歸還首都銀行借款的1,000萬美元,並將解凍金額匯回國內,做為取信國內金融機構之用。1,580萬美元則是匯進海外假代理商,再分批匯回博達來打銷過高的應收帳款。其餘金額部分透過首都銀行匯回博達做為前例購買ELN的利息費用,部分回流到葉素菲私人帳戶,甚至用以購買高盛證券針對博達的買進選擇權(Buy Call/Put Option),以此讓高盛買進博達股票避險,進而創造出外資看好博達前景的假象。至於原本向羅伯銀行借款的4,000萬美元卻未償還,這筆錢最後同樣隨著博達的重整而被羅伯銀行沒入。<br /><br />.為海外人頭公司擔保借款:葉素菲先指示博達員工於英屬維京群島設立Addie公司,之後由博達和國內建華銀行(目前已併入永豐金控)簽定合約,由博達存入1,000萬美元做為擔保,由建華銀行海外子公司Grand Capital借款1,000萬美元給Addie,並限定該筆存款在Addie清還借款前不得動用。博達並簽下承諾書及開立取款條,一旦Addie無法清還借款或博達發生財務問題時,建華銀行得直接扣取該筆存款作為償還Grand Capital借款之用。最後結果也如同上例,Addie只是紙上公司,後來博達申請重整時,自然該筆存款被建華銀行取走,博達投資人帳面上看到的1,000萬美元定存只是名存實亡的現金。<br /><br />利益大罪刑輕,讓台灣成為經濟犯掏空天堂<br /><br />企業掏空在台灣算是履見不鮮,如一開始所述,這和人性貪婪及台灣現有公司制度容易造成控制股東一人獨裁有密切關係。事實上還有一個重要關鍵,我國司法對於重大經濟犯罪判刑過輕。以博達案主角葉素菲為例,因涉及掏空公司超過60億資金,二審定讞判刑14年。看似不輕,但其實依現行假釋規定,只要服刑過半,獄中表現良好即可申請假釋。另遑論在定讞前,不少重大金融罪犯常被法官以不相稱的保證金保釋,最後棄保潛逃。利大罪輕,無疑是鼓勵金融犯罪。<br /><br />博達案後的確讓主管單位訂立了很多公司監理的規範,但在當今國際化和金融創新腳步下,很多交易都發生在海外,很多的不法所得也都留在海外,甚至國際投資銀行隨時可以幫這些有錢客戶量身打造所需產品,這讓不管是公司關係人或是主管單位及司法單位想要了解一家公司真正的情況難如登天。也讓傳統依賴分析公司財報進行決策依據的公司關係人很難確認公司財報的真實性。<br /><br />透過法律的規範和處罰的確可以減少企業主鋌而走險的機會和誘因,但所謂「道高一尺,魔高一丈」,再多的規則也管不了真的有心掏空的業者,真正的解決之道還是有賴於經營者自身的誠信和公司治理相關制度的建立。<br /><br />書籍介紹<br /><br />《公司的品格》,先覺出版<br />作者:李華驎、鄭佳綾<br />──企業內部藏了哪些股東不知的隱憂?食安問題、內線交易、掏空公司、金融危機……22個案例,讓你看懂企業體質、守住自己的基本權益。<br /><br />更多關於本書請洽:<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010626613" marked="1" target="_blank">圓神出版官方網站</a><br />
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更多好書請看版主的網路讀書會: <a href="http://readingdream.blogspot.tw/" marked="1">http://readingdream.blogspot.tw/</a><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-9000200651174723092016-06-01T08:56:00.001+08:002016-06-01T08:56:51.281+08:00唯奮鬥者得功名!劉墉散文精選<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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很久沒有看劉墉的書了,說很久是指高中以後到現在,覺得他的書大多是寫給學生看的,我學校畢業後對於他寫的東西就沒有太多的感覺了!這次看他的這本散文
選:唯奮鬥者得功名;感想也差不多,他以一個事業有成,可說是成功者的父親角色跟兒女分享他的奮鬥經歷,但我這個年紀看他說的東西,覺得不太深刻,很表面
的那種~甚至覺得有些觀點不太對勁!但裡面也有幾篇文章看了蠻有感覺的!"關於遺憾"、 "關於定位"的兩篇,各位朋友可以看看!<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-51958791091498678492016-01-29T07:43:00.000+08:002016-01-29T07:43:08.737+08:00扮人妖、露乳溝...曾幾何時,「尾牙表演」變成台灣勞工「無限責任制」的一份子<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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每到年底,也代表尾牙季節即將來臨。你曾經參加尾牙表演嗎?是不是必須在尾牙時表演給公司同事、主管和老闆看?每年這個時候,你犧牲自己的下班時間和心力,努力練舞,想上台娛樂大家,全台灣的上班族都這麼做,所以你上台表演,乃是眾望所歸,理所當然。<br /><br />帶給別人歡樂是偉大的情操,老萊子彩衣娛親還是千古佳話呢!爸媽生我養我,我們讓他們快樂、逗他們開心是應該的,但尾牙是老闆為了犒賞員工一年的辛勞所辦的,為什麼在那一天,平常就用責任制壓榨我的老闆,不娛樂我、讓我高興一下,我卻還要犧性色相逗他笑呢?<br /><br /><b>尾牙的目的,是老闆犒賞員工,不是員工逗老闆開心</b><br /><br />尾牙是台灣的民間習俗,早些年民風淳樸,做頭家的為了感謝員工一年在公司賣命的辛勞,所以在年終請員工吃一頓飯,順便連絡一下公司內部的感情,一年就這麼一次。當時尾牙的意義是大家吃東西,搏感情就好,也不是非要看表演不可。就算有表演,尾牙的意義是老闆做東,員工是客,表演應該是由東道主負責,豈有讓客人上台表演的理由?<br /><br />但不知從何時開始,台灣公司的尾牙普遍有了表演,而且是「員工」要負責上台表演。<br /><br />上過台表演的人,就知道那很辛苦。就連受過專業訓練的小丑,逗別人開心時,也是滿腹辛酸在那邊跳,更何況是什麼都不會的上班族。更悲哀的是,所謂「台上十分鐘,台下十年功」,為了在尾牙跳那十分鐘,之前可能要花一整個月的時間練習,占用自己所剩不多的下班時間。<br /><br />台灣尾牙的員工表演,基本上是台式責任制+馬屁文化混合出來的畸形現象。而且因為台灣社會的奴性堅強,這種不合理的事就散播得特別快。<br /><br />有些女同事還很喜歡凹男同事扮女裝、扮人妖,而且是品質很粗糙的那種,叫男同事穿奶罩、塞假奶、戴假髮,讓女同事抓啊,讓老闆摸啊!叫男胖子穿旗袍,以為這樣大家會看得很high啊!你們曾想過他也是有自尊心的嗎?公司裡總是會有些年輕的單身女同事,應該是還在找對象吧!想說那天要利用這個機會,穿得辣一點,免費露乳溝、跳個肚皮舞、扭幾下屁股給大家看,看會不會有人注意到而來追求,那你就自己去跳嘛!不要把這種低級綜藝的標準套在所有人身上。<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />小時候,我爸帶我去參加公司的尾牙,一片酒池肉林,不過至少看大家都吃得很開心,歌舞團是公司請的!老闆率先唱歌,唱得難聽逗大家笑,小朋友上台唱歌娛樂大家,可以賺紅包。員工沒壓力,台下有吃飽有歡笑,這才叫犒賞員工吧!但不知道從什麼時候開始,台灣尾牙開始流行請員工輪流上台表演,成為上班族一年中最痛苦的活動。平時已經很累了,但尾牙前更慘,加完班不能回家,還要排練。辦完一次尾牙,簡直搞得身心俱疲。<br /><br /><b>台灣勞工是「無限責任制」,包括尾牙表演也是你的責任</b><br /><br />事實上,推究起源,尾牙之所以請員工表演,第一是公司想要省錢,不想花錢請演藝公司,反正公司是無限責任制,包括尾牙表演也可以硬拗成是員工應負的責任範圍,所以逼本來專長就不是「表演」的公司員工,消耗個人的心力排練。對外無法增加業績,對內只會凝聚員工幹譙的向心力,增加公司自己的機會成本,大老闆跟客戶來了還看得很開心,以為這是你員工心甘情願的,所以就認為每年都該這樣辦!但他們不在乎、不知道或是不覺得員工為了練舞,至少也得花上一個月的時間準備。雖然請一個二、三流的樂團來唱歌一晚才幾萬塊,但就像你的加班費一樣,公司不省這種錢,那要省什麼呢?<br /><br />尾牙請員工表演,對公司還有第二個好處,就是員工自己幫公司營造出一片歌舞昇平的假象,好像員工都過得很快樂,下班後都有時間學才藝,生活都很平衡,大家很有活力,給老闆自慰。事實上,你平常都在加班,不可能有閒工夫去學才藝,你那凍漲的薪水用來過日子都有問題,也不可能有閒錢交學費學才藝。<br /><br />如果公司平常有支持員工下班後參加社團,或者提供補助,知道員工的身心健康是公司的資產之一,那尾牙時員工抱著回饋的心理上台表演給大家看也就算了,不過上班族通常都是被強迫的。拜託,年底要打考績了,員工心裡也會有「若我不表演,會不會被冠上不合群的標籤,讓主管印象不好,考績會不好?」稍微有品一點的公司,可能會提供一點點慰勞金,但大部分的公司都認為「那是你工作的一部分」「公司沒這筆預算」,這就是台式責任制啊!<br /><br /><b>扮人妖、露乳溝,並不會建立團隊精神</b><br /><br />有些同仁已經產生「斯德哥爾摩症候群」,看到這裡可能又會跳出來說,這你就不懂了啊!讓同事們一起做一件業務之外的事,比方說唱歌跳舞,可以強化大家的團隊默契和合作精神,這樣是有助team work的,這會讓公司的業務進行得更有效率,這是國外行之有年、用來激勵員工的方法之一啊!<br /><br />嗯,國外的先進企業的確是有規畫這種事,比方說利用上班時間,叫員工大家一起去做無關業務的事,像是玩遊戲、去做義工啦,或者是公司出錢招待員工全組一起去玩生存遊戲、爬山健行,做些挑戰自我、增加自信心,或是有益社會的正面活動。國外是上班時間出去玩還領錢,請問誰不開心啊?大家當然心情好,工作效率自然高,這就達到了激勵的效果。<br /><br />但台灣的尾牙表演是正好相反的,它是占用你的下班時間,再次逼著你用私人的時間,幫公司完成業務。而且真正能培養團隊默契的活動,都是叫大家去做義工、玩遊戲、登山健行等利人利己的好事。要鞏固團隊的默契,建立隊員的使命感,前提就是成員要認同自己所做的事情,必須感覺有意義才行。但是叫男同事戴奶罩、扮人妖,鼓勵女同事露溝、露腿、賣風騷,這樣會有益於個人成長,有益社會才怪啊!都是損人利己,那潛在的、最終極的目的,也只是為了幫公司省下演藝公司的錢,和「上班打卡制,下班責任制」一樣,都是硬拗、瞎掰出來的狗屁職場文化。<br /><br /><b>總結</b><br /><br />大家要怎麼拒絕尾牙表演呢?我只能想到有如「少林功夫.唱歌跳舞」的原理,如果你表演得很爛,老闆同事們都看得很傷眼,以後就不敢再拗你在尾牙表演了。<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010649633" marked="1" target="_blank">人生,永遠需要一個理由:有事問三分鐘熱度</a></span><br />
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<b>書籍簡介</b><br /><br />書名:人生,永遠需要一個理由:有事問三分鐘熱度<br />作者: 三分鐘熱度<br />出版社:方智<br />出版日:2014/09/25<br /><br />三分鐘熱度<br /><br />為一對夫妻筆名,先生為熱愛3C產品的上班族,太太則是筆鋒犀利的soho族。同名部落格「三分鐘熱度」,瀏覽人次超過千萬。<br /><br />常有人問 :為什麼部落格logo是「烤土司+麵包機」?<br /><br />聽說英國某團隊進行了一項研究,發現土司烘烤216秒(3分36秒)最好吃,這就是三分鐘熱度的精神。<br /><br />「三分鐘熱度」部落格:www.readermemo.com/</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-75591933225240073902016-01-15T08:21:00.000+08:002016-01-15T08:21:16.157+08:00買一件衣服要付多少錢?:平價時尚的真相<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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平價時尚產業,對社會、環境、經濟、人權等,都有不小的影響。衣服的價值減低、成了消耗品……每個人衣服越來越像,沒有自己的風格?外移的成衣工廠、勞工的剝削,環境汙染?等等。都是這本書想傳達給讀者的概念……因此,在過年大量採購新衣的同時,請來看看這本書,我們不光想問「買一件衣服要付多少錢?」而是想讓大家注意到,「買一件衣服背後要花多少代價?」<br /><br />.作者:伊莉莎白.克萊<br />.譯者:陳以禮<br />.分類:社會人文<br />.出版社:時報出版<br />.出版日期:2013/12/06<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010618840" marked="1" target="_blank">《買一件衣服要付多少錢?:平價時尚的真相》</a></span> <br />
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<br /><a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010618840" marked="1" target="_blank">《買一件衣服要付多少錢?:平價時尚的真相》</a><br /><br />平價衣服的晚年<br /><br /> 走進捐贈中心回收處另一端的隱蔽小倉庫。茂伊告訴我,這個地方就是廢棄衣服最終的歸宿。所謂廢棄衣服,指的是可以一眼看出太過髒汙破爛、跟不上流行,或是送去慈善二手商店後乏人問津的捐贈衣服。救世軍慈善二手商店只會用一個月時間銷售捐贈衣服,Goodwill 的衣服大概也是用三到五星期尋找買主,賣不掉的衣服只好裝進大置物箱,最後送到像這樣的小倉庫報廢。<br /><br /> 這間報廢室裡面有兩個人靜靜地把T恤、洋裝,等等各式各樣的衣服送進像是垃圾車後斗的壓縮機內,把它們擠成一個個整齊、每個重達半噸的立方體,然後再用堆高機把這些完成綑綁的半噸立方體送到倉庫中間,堆成一座小山。我可以看見平價服飾的標籤懸掛在立方體的邊緣,還有被擠爛的牛仔褲、寬條紋亮棕色的針織衫、表面平滑的風衣。這些衣服都被擠壓在一個立方體內,完全失去它們原本存在的意義,就像是堆成一包包的寵物飼料。衣服再怎麼說也是耗費資源才生產出來的布料,而大量的廢棄衣服根本是令人髮指的浪費。雖然服飾店讓我們忽視這鐵一般的事實,但在報廢室中的這一幕卻直接給我一記當頭棒喝。只要三天,光是昆西街救世軍捐贈中心的廢棄衣服就可以搭出一面重達十八噸的牆,也就是三十六個立方體,這還只是美國境內一座城市裡的一個救世軍據點,它一小部份的廢棄衣服而已。<br /><br /> 從十九世紀末以來,歐洲和美國的慈善團體就開始從事舊衣回收發放給窮人的工作。美國基督教救世軍組織是在一八七○年成立,當時美國總人口數不到四千萬,幾乎所有的衣服都是用手工縫製。慈善機構直到五○年代才開始設立零售據點,販賣二手衣的收入成為支撐機構營運的主要財源,慈善事業的運作也改採間接方式進行:用賣衣服的收入支應各項不同的慈善工作,這就是現在慈善捐贈衣服整個系統的運作模式。<br /><br /> 第二次世界大戰後進入消費文化的年代,美國人所得增加可以用來買更多的衣服,衣櫃內的服裝也越來越多樣化,包括青少年服飾、辦公室裝扮、運動衣和休閒服,慈善機構也從這個時候開始收到二手卻還很耐穿的衣服,但到了近十年,由於服飾價格不斷下降,慈善機構收到的衣服就包括沒穿過的。貫穿整個九○年代,Goodwill 回收衣服數量的年成長率高達一成,在二○一○年該慈善機構所屬各零售據點除了一般居家用品外,總共賣了一億六千三百萬磅的二手服飾。<br /><br /> 我以前認為,每一件我不想再穿的衣服只要捐給慈善機構,最後一定會送到窮困受凍的人手上,不然也會有勤儉持家的人藉此開啟衣服的第二春。我稱這種想法是:衣服不夠穿的迷思,而且顯然我不是唯一這樣想的人。有一位讀者在二○○七年投書《紐約時報》,指出自己捐贈的衣服居然被賣到非洲,她相當不能接受。《紐約時報》副刊雜誌《道德家》(Ethicist)專欄作家柯翰(Randy Cohen)引用一位國際勞工團體領袖的話做出回應,要該讀者觀察有沒有一家慈善機構可以不用透過中間商,就可以直接把捐贈衣服交到需要衣服的人手上,尤其是社區裡那些需要衣服的人。美國人似乎相信,一定有人非常需要自己把不想穿的衣服捐給他們,這樣的想法實在錯到無以復加。<br /><br /> 慈善機構早就沒辦法把我們送過去的二手衣全部賣掉,二手衣回收商中西部紡織(Mid West Textile)一位董事帕本(John Paben)直接了當地說:「慈善機構沒辦法做到這一點。」他說,慈善機構早在二次世界大戰以前就已經收到過量的捐贈衣服,早期賣不掉的衣服最終只能丟掉,他補充說明:「不論是以在商言商的方式賣掉或是直接丟掉,社會大眾都無法接受這兩種做法。」對他而言,有人不滿意慈善機構處理捐贈衣服的消息根本不是新聞,因此慈善機構必須尋求其他解決方案。把賣不掉的衣服轉換成具有工業用途的回收布料,這類商機讓舊衣回收產業趁勢興起,不過無法回收處理的廢棄衣服,終究還是只能用垃圾掩埋的方式處理掉。<br /><br /> 越來越多像是中西部紡織這樣的二手衣回收商,成為慈善機構處理過量捐贈衣服的好幫手。帕本的公司成立於一九八二年,他說:「二手衣回收商負責分類衣服,並且到世界各地找潛在買主,設法開拓市場,久而久之,直接當垃圾掩埋掉的衣服就會越來越少。」今天我們就是靠二手衣回收商替大多數捐贈衣服找到下一個歸宿。根據帕本的經驗,所有我們傾倒在慈善機構門口的衣服中,只有不到兩成的比率可以透過慈善二手商店賣出去,大約有半數衣服沒機會上貨架,只能交給中西部紡織之類的公司進行廢棄回收處理。<br /><br /> 儘管很低調,但二手衣回收業卻與紡織業一樣有悠久的歷史,可以說是最古老、最原始的資源回收產業。早在一九○四年,《紐約時報》就有一篇名為〈最懂得廢物利用的美國〉文章描述當時已經相當興盛的二手羊毛交易,當時的廢物利用專指從英、法進口的碎布或其他破爛羊毛衫中回收羊毛,重新聚集成堆的羊毛後再重新做成可以再次使用的新布料,有時候則會混上一點棉花纖維。據說這樣再生的纖維布料看起來就跟真正的羊毛纖維一樣,不過價格便宜多了。一位回收商告訴《紐約時報》:「美國人需要便宜的羊毛衣,或是看起來像是羊毛的衣服,這就是我們必須不斷擴大廢物利用生產量的原因。」<br /><br /> 美國現在已經有好幾千家二手衣回收商,其中有些已經傳了好幾代的小型家族企業。我拜訪一家位在紐澤西州、歷經三代經營的二手衣回收商全美貿易公司(Trans-Americas Trading Co.)。該公司共有八十五位員工,每年處理的二手衣服近一千七百萬磅,公司裡也有由廢棄衣服壓成立方體後堆成的一堵牆,高五個立方體、長度超過二十個立方體,負責人史塔賓(Eric Stubin)說:「這面牆相當於好幾十萬磅的廢棄衣服,我們每天都可以壓出兩面這樣的牆。」該公司回收處理的數量,隨著美國人近年逐漸增加的服飾消費量一起成長…… <br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-32134138753949342252015-11-26T07:33:00.001+08:002015-11-26T07:33:35.699+08:00【寂寞手工業】米果:作家不是夢……<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
作家不是夢……<br /><br />我的意思是,作家不是夢,而是職業,是一份工作,任何職業會遇到的問題,任何工作應該有的態度,就算是作家,也一樣閃不掉。所以,「作家不是夢」的意思並不是用來鼓勵人「實現夢想非難事」,而是作家真的是份職業,不要想得太浪漫。<br /><br />小時候,大概多小呢?國小五、六年級,或是中學階段,只要是國文老師命題的作文是類似夢想或志願之類的題目,為了求高分,違心寫過一些報效國家的熱血文章,內心其實希望成為柑仔店老闆娘或是車掌小姐,要不然就是像「子敏」和「琦君」那樣的作家,子敏在《國語日報》連載的「思念」,寫三個女兒跟一隻狗的故事,還有琦君的散文集《三更有夢書當枕》,大概是啟蒙我想要當作家的源頭,那時候在內心奢望的夢想,真的只是夢想,完全沒有朝著夢想前進的任何準備。<br /><br />一方面可能被漫畫書影響,尤其日系漫畫,每每看到那種「作家外出取材」或是「作家在高級飯店房間熬夜寫稿」的情節,就會在我體內注入某些含有「遐想」成分的毒素,重點在於可以外出取材或是住在高級飯店的經歷實在太誘人了。<br /><br />出版社租下高級飯店,作家綁上頭巾,揮汗寫作,一張稿紙,兩張稿紙……寫壞的就揉掉,丟進垃圾桶。以前看過一齣日劇「LOVE STORY」,中山美穗是小牌編輯,豐川悅司是過氣的小說作家,小說家寫不出文章的時候,就去樓下的咖啡館跟一個吹小喇叭的花心廢男鄰居聊天,被編輯逼急了,在家裡寫東西,就一直揉稿紙,揉成一團,丟進垃圾桶,滿了,就彈出來。現在手寫稿的機會不多,也是有開了文字檔案,游標停在那裡,或寫了標題之後,就跑去逛臉書或網路購物,一或兩個小時過去了,什麼也沒寫,但也不是寫,而是用手指敲鍵盤。當然,台灣的出版社多數沒有預算包下飯店客房讓作家寫稿,報紙或雜誌連載的機會甚至不可能,交不出稿子就只有死路一條,別想要住在飯店還叫Room Service。<br /><br />不過,閱讀《向田邦子的情書》(麥田出版)時,發現昭和初期確實有在飯店開房間寫稿的經驗,家人從向田邦子遺物之中,發現一個牛皮紙袋,裡面是邦子在生前寫給N先生的情書以及她自己的日記,不止一次提到她住在飯店趕寫劇本的段落。向田邦子的廣播與電視劇本都很受歡迎,手術之後也開始寫專欄,不管是電視台或出版社應該很樂於為她的旅館費用買單。<br /><br /> 因為中央飯店客滿了,我住進日航飯店。<br /><br /> 偏偏睡眠不足又遇上肚子不舒服,害得工作進度落後了半天,只好五體投地對TBS和二葉印刷廠道歉了。<br /><br /> 二十九日在中央飯店閉關,認真工作。<br /><br /> 循例點了套餐吃,這裡的客房服務沒有西餐,只好又點日式早餐……照這樣子真的能在十五日之前寫完劇本嗎?我覺得應該有一半的可能是來不及了。<br /><br />向田邦子提到,在家裡寫作,會影響工作進度的四個因素分別是寵物小貓、冰箱、母親和書本,在飯店寫稿的話,沒有讓她分神的東西,卻還是磨磨蹭蹭:<br /><br /> 說不定我天生就是個懶人……如果有不分心的藥,我願意花十萬塊錢買。<br /><br />啊……以前確實有這種善待作家的福利,如果不是電視台或出版社出錢,就是稿費收入真的足夠拿來支付住宿房費與Room Service,或許暢銷作家可以這麼做,但我沒有那麼闊綽的預算能夠運用,甚至被稱呼作家或老師的時候還有點不好意思,不過我的數學不錯,用Excel或用數學公式來計算稿費的成本結構,已經覺得去咖啡館寫稿有點虧本了,到旅館開房間寫稿子想都沒想過,如果有一天寫的書很暢銷,寫的專欄可以讓雜誌或報紙因此銷量大增,出版社或媒體願意幫我出錢去旅館寫稿,也是沒問題的,很樂意。<br /><br />通常出現「XXOO不是夢」這樣的口號,大抵是慫恿大家「前進吧」「一定可以完成」,可是我覺得慫恿這種事情的風險很大,畢竟,作家是很寂寞的手工業,同時還是單價報酬很低廉的手工業,有人說,從「李白」之後,稿費就沒有漲價過,當然這是喪氣的玩笑話,光是像李白那樣喝酒也是需要酒錢的,現在光是上網費用,靠一篇500字的短文稿費都付不起。<br /><br />2007年商周曾經出版過一本《松坂大輔…平成怪物18》特刊,那時松坂剛加入美國大聯盟紅襪隊,簽約金很高,氣勢正盛,書中提到松坂與紅襪的簽約記者會上,一位美國記者請他談談實現大聯盟夢想之後的心情,原本一直保持笑容的松坂大輔出現極為嚴肅的神情,他說:<br /><br /> 我很不喜歡『夢想』這個字,看得到卻無法實現的事情才是夢想。夢想是躲進被窩的時候想一想就好了,對我來說,將來想要做的事情叫目標,不是夢想!是目標!<br /><br />每當有人問我,現在這種寫作的生活算不算實現夢想,我都會想起松坂大輔這段話,以前或許有過以文字謀生的念頭,可是當真在人生過程實際運作,會覺得夢想拿來這樣子過活,其實沒有那麼寫意,甚至有點殘忍。我還是比較喜歡將寫作當成工作,因此在各種需要填寫職業欄目的場合,會毫不猶豫寫下「文字工作者」,而不是作家。<br /><br />作家不是夢,是職業。我曾經有過作家的夢想,但是現在已經十分明白,那就是一份工作。把夢想當成工作是很冒險的決定,畢竟工作會膩,會疲乏,一旦變成這樣,夢想就成為碎片,所以要想辦法讓夢想跟工作保持一點距離但又不至於太疏離。看到村上春樹最近出版的單行本《職業としての小説家》(以此為職業的小說家),嚇一跳,原來,我們想的是同一件事情。<br />
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http://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/57/article/3509?ext=rel </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-50019824277890613512015-11-26T07:17:00.000+08:002015-11-26T07:17:58.228+08:00影響力:社會心理學經典作品<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">內容簡介</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書是西奧迪尼的社會心理學經典作品,在書中,作者從專業角度為讀者闡釋了順從他人行為背後的六大基本原則:互惠、承諾和一致、社會認同、喜好、權威和稀缺,為我們解釋了為什麼有些人極具說服力,而我們總是容易上當受騙。本書對於商業人士以及廣大普通讀者有深遠的意義,教你學會對順從業人士說</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,幫助你成為一個真正有影響力的人。在原來暢銷版本的基礎上,作者推出了這本最新版,並成為斯坦福大學的經典權威教材。本書新增逾兩倍的第一手案例,有更鮮活的圖文並茂解析、更實用的影響力思考練習,更有著名行銷專家孫路弘全程精讀導航,引領你走上正確的商業精讀之路。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: left; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作者簡介</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">羅伯特·西奧迪尼</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ?</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">全球知名的說服術與影響力研究權威,亞利桑那州州立大學著名心理學和市場行銷學教授,獲得</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">凱瑞(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Carey</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)傑出市場行銷學教授</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">稱號。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ?</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">曾任美國人格與社會心理學會主席,因其在社會心理學、消費者心理學以及社會影響力科學方面的貢獻,分別獲得</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">唐納德·坎貝爾獎</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">DonaldT.CampbellAward</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)、</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">傑出科學成就獎</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">和首屆</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">皮托獎</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">PeithoAward</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ?</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在北卡羅來納大學獲得博士學位,在哥倫比亞大學進行過博士後研究,已從事說服與順從行為研究工作多年。</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-89560096282462643822015-10-28T08:48:00.000+08:002015-10-28T08:48:09.993+08:00天才作家百年孤寂作者Gabriel García Márquez的一生!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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加夫列爾·加西亞·馬爾克斯Gabriel García Márquez<br />
<br />
出生: 1927 年 3 月 6 日,哥倫比亞阿拉卡塔卡<br />
逝世: 2014 年 4 月 17 日,墨西哥墨西哥城<br />
獲獎紀錄:1982 諾貝爾文學獎, 紐斯塔國際文學獎, 阿里爾獎最佳原著劇本, 阿里爾獎最佳原創故事<br />
電影: 愛在瘟疫蔓延時, 沒人寫信給上校, 血色清晨<br />
子女: 羅德里戈·加西亞<br />
著作:<br />
百年孤獨(1967 年)<br />
霍亂時期的愛情 (1985 年)<br />
迷宮中的將軍 (1989 年)<br />
枯枝敗葉 (1955 年)<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-33032021802555247202015-10-14T16:19:00.000+08:002015-10-14T16:25:53.725+08:00一流主管要學黑道式發怒絕技:這樣下指令,擺爛的、硬拗的、老出包的,立刻精準執行,原文名稱:ヤクザ式相手を制す最強の「怒り方」<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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這本書提供了不少可供學習的場景,讓我打算好好將書中的用語背一背,下次遇到白目的屬下就可以好好管理他們一下了~<br />
<br />
<br />
.小錯不斷的部屬,每次都說「喔,我下次會注意。」<br />
.老被部屬唱反調:「我不覺得你這樣做比較好……」<br />
.每個月都問你:「我來不及,可以delay嗎?」……<br />
樹大有枯枝、人多有白癡,就是會有人敷衍擺爛、做錯了硬拗或態度傲慢,<br />
大多數主管總是氣在心裡,但一流主管懂得發對脾氣,讓部屬精準執行你的指令。<br />
<br />
本書作者向谷匡史繼《好主管要學黑道老大》贏得廣大好評後,<br />
這回更把他在江湖的日子與黑道老大交手過程,<br />
系統性的整理出黑道式的發怒絕技:如何把小弟管得服服貼貼,<br />
還誓死效忠!<br />
<br />
◎管理,需要的不是威嚴,而是演技:<br />
‧整治愛說大話的部屬,你得先打臉,再給他下台階。<br />
‧明明聽懂指令了,卻再三找你確認,這種部屬你該學黑道大哥簡單明瞭回他:<br />
「咦,你信不過我嗎?」用點演技讓他立刻去辦。<br />
‧上頭交辦的任務,實在不可能達成,如何一口答應下來卻可以不用去做?<br />
<br />
◎牙尖嘴利的部屬,你得用黑道式回擊法,迫使他收斂:<br />
‧部屬說:「再○○我就不幹了」,你得故意把對方的氣話當真,一次他就怕了。<br />
‧遇到不懂裝懂的部屬,別氣,只要刻意接話、吹捧他,再當場戳破,他就<br />
會尷尬到不敢在你面前放肆。<br />
<br />
◎意見不同又僵持不下,你需要取回優勢、轉移焦點的回話技巧:<br />
‧部屬用「沒有前例可循……」來擋你?<br />
千萬別跟這種人講道理,要直接說:「有事我來扛。」<br />
‧老是帶著不切實際的提案來找你?<br />
你得不斷問問題,就能不浪費時間聽廢話。<br />
‧主管不是聖人,不可能不犯錯,事情出包你得想想如何不被窮追猛打,<br />
會用憤怒轉移焦點嗎?對方就無法繼續追究。<br />
<br />
◎工作出包,學黑道冷靜發怒,部屬都能自行善後:<br />
‧發生問題,無能管理者才問:「為什麼發生這種事?」<br />
黑道老大會面無表情的說:「你打算怎麼解決?」<br />
‧部屬出包只會道歉了事?<br />
你就用黑道式二選一戰術問:<br />
「你要留下來繼續混,還是回家吃自己?」讓他沒有退路。<br />
‧犯錯一定要罵,但要怎麼罵才罵得漂亮、知道警惕卻又不尊嚴受傷?<br />
<br />
一流主管因為懂得情緒化的以退為進(或以進為退),<br />
更能把怒氣用對地方,讓部屬精準執行指令!<br />
<br />
作者: 向谷匡史<br />
譯者: 卓惠娟<br />
出版社: 大是文化<br />
出版日期:2015-07-09<br />
ISBN/ISSN:9789865770884<br />
語言:繁體中文<br />
裝訂方式:平裝 頁數:240頁<br />
開數:14.8cmx21cm<br />
<br />
完整詳情請到網路書局看看喔:<br />
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<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010679623" target="_blank">一流主管要學黑道式發怒絕技:這樣下指令,擺爛的、硬拗的、老出包的,立刻精準執行</a></h1>
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目錄:<br />
前 言 平庸主管壓抑怒火,一流主管發對脾氣<br />
推 薦 序 優秀的主管懂得控制情緒──不是壓抑,是發對脾氣<br />
第一章 管理,需要的不是威嚴,而是演技<br />
1.對方以停止合作要脅,要比他先喊暫停<br />
2.防止部屬推託,就給他重要任務<br />
3.整治愛說大話的部屬,先打臉再給他下台階<br />
4.替對方保密,部屬就對你死忠<br />
5.管理資深部屬,你需要的不是威嚴,是演技<br />
6.部屬質疑你的決定時,這樣「飆」讓他立刻照辦<br />
7.避免部屬不能如期完成還理由一堆,你得先放話買保險<br />
<br />
第二章 牙尖嘴利的傢伙,如何迫使他收斂<br />
1.受到羞辱時──「請你收回那句話」,才是真的加倍奉還<br />
2.把對方的氣話當真,他再也不會情緒化<br />
3.用流言反擊職場小人<br />
4.習慣說話帶刺的部屬,用這招回敬對方<br />
5.主動演一場戲,讓不可能的任務能有面子收尾<br />
6.部屬態度強硬,你得比他更悍<br />
7.被年紀大的同事說:「現在的年輕人真是……」<br />
8.順著對方的話說下去,讓不懂裝懂的人閉嘴<br />
<br />
第三章 當場取回優勢、轉移焦點的回話技巧<br />
1.部屬跟你爭論不休,用憤怒轉移焦點<br />
2.無法回答就模糊帶過,政治家也愛用<br />
3.「叫你們主管過來」然後千萬別罵主管<br />
4.被謠言攻擊別急著否認,這樣滅火兼反擊<br />
5.愛敲竹槓、占你便宜,如何打發這種人?<br />
6.自嘲掩飾缺點和犯錯,讓對方無法嘲笑你<br />
7.被催促時,冷靜請吃閉門羹讓你取回優勢……<br />
8.用「沒有前例可循……」來擋你,你如何破他?<br />
9.問個不停,就能省去聽誇張提案的時間<br />
<br />
第四章 學黑道冷靜發怒,出包部屬都能自行善後<br />
1.引發對方的無限想像力,製造「不貳過」陰影<br />
2.為了讓讚美的效果加倍,你得先大發飆<br />
3.部屬犯錯別咆哮,只要問:「你打算怎麼處理?」<br />
4.凡事都要確認的部屬,更別給他答案<br />
5.問抽象的問題,讓部屬找不出藉口而行動<br />
6.學黑道用二選一逼問法,讓他學會負責<br />
7.加倍吹捧他,部屬就不敢放話囂張<br />
<br />
第五章 以退為進,和以進為退的情緒化技術<br />
1.受命去做明知會失敗的事,要以「激烈的讚同」來拒絕<br />
2.阻止愛炫耀的部屬,順著對方的話誇張讚美,再戳破<br />
3.用黑道式質問法,套出對方沒說出口的話<br />
4.如何使堅持己見的部屬讓步?<br />
5.讓所有人都閉嘴的一對多吵架技巧<br />
6.被戳中要害時,就令起攻勢來迴避<br />
7.無路可退時別求饒,要以謙讓來反攻<br />
8.以成功為前提,讓愛刁難的人、瞎操心的人……閉嘴<br />
9.來抱怨的人,反而要讓他等一等<br />
<br />
前言:<br />
平庸主管壓抑怒火,一流主管發對脾氣<br />
<br />
「喂!店長,過來一下!」<br />
在居酒屋裡,黑道大哥正對著店長怒吼。<br />
「有什麼事……?」<br />
「你還問我什麼事?混蛋,這杯啤酒一點都不冰還敢拿出來,你是瞧不起老子嗎?」<br />
「對、對不起!」<br />
店長臉都僵了,慌慌張張的端出另一杯冰啤酒過來,深怕得罪大哥而一直陪著笑臉。<br />
「很好,店長這小子經過我的調教,最近都很聽話。」店長離開之後,黑道大哥賊賊地笑了起來。<br />
這是大約在三十多年,我當記者在跑黑幫新聞時發生的事。<br />
那次,我親眼目睹黑道大哥如何巧妙的運用「怒氣」,得到令他滿意的結果,這讓我佩服不已。後來,我開始深入研究這種「黑道式的發怒絕技」,逐漸發現道上兄弟很懂得視對象、狀況及不同目的發脾氣,對怒氣的操控簡直是專家等級。<br />
他們有時一臉凶狠的咆哮:「你給我閉嘴!」有時則迫力十足的威嚇對方:<br />
「想被埋在六甲山(編按:位在兵庫縣神戶市,日本三百名山之一,就像台灣說把誰「扔去當消波塊」一樣)嗎?」或只是從鼻子哼的冷笑一聲,就讓小弟嚇得腿都軟了。當然,他們偶爾也會捧個幾句:「幹得不錯嘛!」促使對方去做一些工作。<br />
一般人把「生氣」視為發洩情緒的管道,只要是人難免會有被氣得火冒三丈的時候,但為什麼一般人生氣只會破壞關係、搞砸計畫,黑道老大卻能透過發怒有效管理小弟、達到目的?<br />
這是因為,多數人發脾氣只是單純的宣洩,但對黑道老大而言,生氣不只是抒發情緒,更是一種成功的技巧。也就是說,黑道通常在發火前,會冷靜思考如何得到最大利益,才決定是要找對方吵架、恫嚇,或是先戲弄對方一下再和解。<br />
對黑道而言,「發怒」儼然成了達成目的的必殺技。<br />
多數工作者誤以為,生氣只是負面的情緒,發脾氣對結果沒有幫助。於是成天嚷著要管理情緒,企圖壓抑怒氣,或逼自己忍下來。實際上,「發怒」正是與人溝通
時,讓對方能照你的意思去做,不可或缺的強力武器。因此,怒氣不應該壓抑,而是成為你達成目的的輔助工具,這一點用在管理上,也非常有效。<br />
例如,對叫不動的部屬該如何讓對方動起來、面對比自己年長、資深的部屬要怎麼讓對方為自己效力,透過極道式的憤怒技術,你就能輕鬆解決管理上的疑難雜症。<br />
本書將以「發怒專家」─黑道為例,具體介紹他們的發怒技巧。只要讀過本書,相信你就能明白,發脾氣絕對不是沒用的行為,只要懂得正確使用怒氣,就能獲得你想要的結果。<br />
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推薦序<br />
優秀主管懂得控制情緒──不是壓抑,是發對脾氣<br />
盛全企業管理顧問有限公司總經理 吳盛金<br />
<br />
美
國地產大亨唐納‧川普(Donald
Trump)曾說:「我從來不生氣,除非生氣能讓我達到目的。」在工作上,多數人認為要控制情緒、做好情緒管理是成為精英必備的條件。不過,管理自己的怒
氣,絕對不是一味隱忍、不生氣,而是管理好怒氣的產生與表達方式。換句話說,就是將怒氣用在對的地方,幫助自己更快達到目的。<br />
本書作者在擔任周刊記者,貼身採訪黑道大哥時,觀察出黑道大哥的發怒技巧──他們會先思考發火能得到什麼好處,並選擇最合適的方式,促使對方做出自己想要的結果。<br />
例
如,遇到動不動就喊打喊殺、愛說場面話的小弟,大哥不會劈頭罵一頓,而是面無表情的說:「既然你這麼想把對方做掉,我給你一把槍,把這件事做個了斷。」小
弟就會嚇到不敢再亂說話。或者,當與對方意見相左,又僵持不下時,道上兄弟會突然發一頓脾氣:「現在是怎樣,想吵架嗎?」用憤怒轉移焦點,對方雖然會覺得
莫名其妙,但也不知道該如何追究。<br />
在工作上,管理者雖然握有調配工作的權力,實際上卻是最容易受氣的人。例如被資深部屬刁難,說:「這件事沒有前
例可循……」或當部屬犯錯,對方立刻道歉,卻毫無解決的誠意,只想等你收拾善後;也可能明明已經再三交代,部屬卻還是每件事都來找你確認,遇到這些狀況,
雖然肚子裡一把火,但為了維持專業的形象,也擔心部屬承受不住、打擊團隊士氣,因此多半選擇壓抑怒氣。<br />
實際上,這是非常傷身又不聰明的處理方式。因為這麼做,只會讓部屬覺得你「很好商量」,或認為「這件事還有轉圜的餘地」,更不會盡力完成你交付的任務。<br />
這種時候,就應該向黑道老大學習──把發火當成一種手段,讓自己更快達成目的。雖然他們看似非常情緒化、動不動就發火、放狠話或表面吹捧,事實上是在威嚇對方,但小弟卻對他們非常死忠,甚至願意為大哥犧牲生命。<br />
日本「經營之神」松下幸之助,也是一個很懂得如何生氣的人。曾任松下幸之助祕書的江口克彥描述,松下罵人的模式,通常會分成兩階段:他會先訓斥對方一兩個小時,最後補上一句:「有你在,有什麼事怕辦不成?」「你一直都很了解我的想法,怎麼還會這樣做?」<br />
最令人佩服的是,江口克彥說,當部屬隔日再與松下幸之助致歉時,他也只會輕描淡寫地帶過,並「不經意」的表示:「那件事既然你已經理解了,那就沒關係了。不過現在有件案子,亟需要你盡快著手進行……。」<br />
從這裡就可以看出,松下幸之助不只很懂得經營之道,更了解人性。他懂得將憤怒轉化成警惕、激勵部屬的利器,並且善用同理心,軟化怒氣所造成的緊張關係;更重要的是,松下幸之助在斥責之後,會透過指派新的任務,讓部屬覺得自己還是受到重視的,重新找回自信。<br />
透過這本書,我了解真正成熟的管理者,不會一味的隱忍怒火、壓抑情緒,而是懂得看狀況適時表達自己的不滿、展現氣勢,或是情緒化的以退為進,讓部屬為自己效力。<br />
然而管理並無放諸四海皆準的原理原則,一切均需視情況而定,因此,我建議你不妨立刻運用在工作上,透過實際的操作,我相信你也能把怒氣轉化成正向武器,讓部屬尊敬你、怕你,又願意為你賣命,並精準執行任務。<br />
<br />
(本文作者曾任中央大學育成中心顧問/桃園縣人資主管協會理事長/桃園中小企業協會理事/SGS CPT講師/職訓局共通核心職能講師/TTQS評核顧問/TTQS教育訓練講師/教育部終身學習種子教師)<br />
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內文試閱:<br />
整治愛逞英雄的部屬,先打臉再給他下台階<br />
<br />
有些部屬很喜歡在主要場合裝腔作勢。<br />
例如,在開會時當著老闆的面充滿熱情的說:「我認為做業務,靠的就是熱忱。」<br />
這話確實沒錯,但這位部屬平時一有機會就摸魚,聽到他這樣唱高調,實在讓人一肚子氣。<br />
這時,如果你忍不住吐嘈他:「光靠熱忱就可以談成生意嗎?」一起開會的老闆聽到你說這句話,多半會皺起眉頭。即使你只是在教訓部屬別這麼愛出風頭,但若直接質疑對方,上位者可能會覺得你不認同這個論點,並懷疑你的工作態度。<br />
遇到企圖以場面話討好老闆的部屬,不僅令人火大,也是麻煩人物。<br />
其實,你不需要生悶氣,也不用直接破口大罵,只要當場用對方的話回敬他就好。<br />
在黑社會裡,也常常會遇到這種人,例如,遇到爭奪地盤的場面,即使他們內心很害怕,也絕對不會說:「我怕死了。」反而會不懷好意的露出笑臉說:「出來混
就是要不怕死!」或是很多人混黑道,其實都是為了錢。不過,在眾人面前把這種真心話說出來就完了,所以很多人都會耍酷的說:「談什麼錢,我只知道義氣。」<br />
通常聽到這種場面話,多數人會適時的轉換話題,這時講話的人也會知道該點到為止,讓雙方都有台階下。不過,就是會有一些白目的人,在這種時候不懂得煞車,硬要逞英雄。<br />
我就曾聽過一個例子,有一次,J組在A組的地盤上設立錢莊,A組老大知道後非常憤怒,因此召開會議。<br />
「跟他們拚了!」S在幹部會議上大聲叫囂。<br />
「這等於是向J組直接宣戰喔。」C冷靜的提醒。<br />
「難道你打算就這麼放過他們嗎?」S不甘示弱的反問。<br />
「那麼,你要負責出面擺平嗎?」<br />
「不然要我們就這樣被人家占便宜?」S再次逼問。<br />
在老大面前吵架的下場都很慘,所以其他幹部都默不作聲,等著看老大的反應。實際上大家內心都在暗罵S:「這個渾小子,耍什麼酷。」<br />
後來,在一旁的L越聽越火,於是對S說:「我知道了,你給我個時間,我們會幫你找好人,準備好『傢伙』。」<br />
這句話的言外之意就是─讓S負責解決這件事,把對方宰了。當然,這個結果可不是開玩笑的,一旦殺了對方,S就成了兇手,弄不好連自己的命都得賠上這正是L敢這麼說的原因,他早就看準S只是想在老大面前逞英雄,並沒有他嘴上講的那麼英勇。<br />
「我……,我想這麼重大的事,應該等大家商量過後再決定人選。」S一改剛才氣焰高漲的樣子,想辦法婉拒。<br />
「不過,」L看見S退縮,已經達到自己的目的,於是說:「做掉主事者不是難事,但這也等於是向J組織宣戰,那就得打長久戰。我們得想想去哪裡找資金和火力。」<br />
雖然L始終表現出支持S的態度,但這句話正好給了S台階下。<br />
「是啊,或許現在和J組硬碰硬並非上策。」S連忙附和L。<br />
最後,老大決定等對方有下一步行動時再出手。然而S已經記取教訓,再也不敢裝腔作勢了。<br />
如果,在職場上遇到喜歡強出風頭的部屬,你不妨試試這招,附和對方的場面話,然後順勢把責任施加在他身上。以剛剛那個案例來說,當部屬說:「業務靠的就是熱忱。」就可以回他:「的確如此,所以該怎麼做呢?」<br />
「我認為,業務的基本功當然是挨家挨戶拜訪客戶。」<br />
「我知道了,不如從明天開始,就請你每天去開發新客戶,這個月底,我要看到五十份新客戶的合約。」<br />
「這恐怕……。」<br />
當對方示弱時,記得給他一個下台階:「不過,這樣決定似乎太匆促了,還是仔細商量後再執行,或許比較妥當?」<br />
「是啊,這樣確實比較好。」對方一定會感激你讓他有台階下。這麼一來,不但即能挫挫對方的銳氣,讓他學到教訓,也不會在老闆心裡留下不好的印象,說不定,上位者還會看見你的管理能力,肯定你的才能。<br />
<br />
管理資深的部屬,你需要的不是威嚴,是演技<br />
<br />
在廣告代理商上班,年輕的H雖然身為主管,卻遭到前輩、資深同事欺負。他不是被資深前輩酸:「年輕人果然靠不住。」就是被質疑:「他真的有能力當我們的主管嗎?」<br />
他並不是能力比人差,只是年輕加上個性溫順,所以那些資歷比他久的同事,就很容易騎到他頭上。<br />
在職場上,霸凌幾乎無所不在,換句話說,「霸凌者」和「被霸凌者」的存在,也可以說是職場上一種特殊的人際關係。話雖這麼說,誰都不希望自己是被霸凌的角色,尤其身為主管,需要管理整個團隊,若無法展現領導者的氣質,就很難帶領團隊前進。<br />
「被人罵到這種程度,虧他還能忍到現在,真不簡單。」<br />
在廁所聽到前輩在背後嘲笑他時,主管H氣得全身不自主的發抖。<br />
但是,由於天生的個性使然,要他當場發飆、破口大罵:「混帳!你們胡說什麼!」更讓他為難。不過,若就這樣辭職走人,他又不甘心。<br />
有一天,前輩如往常一樣刁難他:「叫我做這種工作不是為難我嗎?隨便找個菜鳥做就好啦。」<br />
「很抱歉。」H雖然不爽,但也不知道該拿對方怎麼辦,當H正打算回座位時,他的腳不小心踢到垃圾桶,垃圾桶當場彈飛出去。這時,辦公室裡頓時響起巨大的金屬聲,紙屑也散落一地。<br />
H已經做好心理準備,多半又要被酸一頓。但出乎意料的,辦公室剎時寂靜無聲,連一根針掉在地上的聲音都可以聽見。所有人都驚訝的看著H,剛剛刁難H的前
輩,不但沒有繼續羞辱他,反而臉色僵硬,眼神略帶恐懼。H終於了解這是怎麼一回事:「大家一定都以為,我忍不住抓狂,故意踢翻垃圾桶。」<br />
「那件事發生後,大家就不再像以前那樣對我不客氣了。」H在喝酒時告訴我這件事,我便趁機告訴他,地下錢莊為了收帳,不惜演一齣戲的故事。<br />
由於人權意識高漲,警察勤於取締,經營地下錢莊的黑道已經不能像過去,頻繁使用暴力。一旦被逮捕,不但款項收不回來,其他的借款也將血本無歸。換句話說現在若執意用暴力討債,實在不是個聰明的做法。<br />
那麼,該怎麼做呢?<br />
舉個例子來說,首先要設法讓債務人自願走進地下錢莊。如果強行押人,就會被以綁架、監禁的罪名逮捕。於是,現在的混混都很聰明,他們會以「請你來喝茶」的名義,半強迫式的帶債務人回去。<br />
到了事務所,就會看到身上布滿刺青、一臉兇狠的大哥站在債務人面前,並不客氣的大吼:<br />
「混帳,居然想賴帳,有借有還是天經地義的事吧。」<br />
趁債務人還來不及反應時,大哥突然拿起桌上的煙灰缸,用力砸在小弟頭上,對著小弟咒罵:「王八蛋!都是因為你們沒用,還要輪到我出面解決,白養你們這群飯桶了。」<br />
大哥一邊發飆,一邊對小弟又踢又打……。小弟被打的頻頻求饒,臉上還都是血,痛得在地上打滾。<br />
實際上,黑道大哥是以小弟作為範例,讓對方聯想到自己不還錢的下場。債務人看見揍在小弟鼻子上的一拳,就像揍在自己臉上,他甚至能想像,自己鼻血狂流、
滿臉是血的樣子。後來,果然達到黑道大哥的目的,對方當場被嚇得屁滾尿流,並立刻告訴那位大哥,就算去偷去搶,都會把錢還清。<br />
「原來如此,找人來演齣戲就可以了。」H這才恍然大悟。<br />
「沒錯。不過,也不一定要找人陪你演,有道具就行了,比方說可以用手機……。」<br />
我把我的策略告訴他:「你可以利用午休時間,用附近的人都能聽得到的音量,對著手機說:『喂喂,對方可是道上的,你和他說話還這麼不客氣,小心對方看你不順眼,找人來弄你。凡事以和為貴,你看我還不是一直在忍耐,還是不要和對方撕破臉吧。』」<br />
若無其事說出道上的、找人來弄你、撕破臉等黑道慣用語,周遭的人光聽到對話內容,就會覺得這個人不好惹,不敢小看你。<br />
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引發對方的無限想像力,製造「不貳過」陰影<br />
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當部屬犯錯時,主管也得負連帶責任。這時,有些較無法控制情緒的管理者,可能會忍不住破口大罵:「混蛋,看你闖了什麼禍!」<br />
「很抱歉。」部屬表面上雖然道歉了,實際上他們根本不知道自己錯在哪?<br />
甚至不認為自己有錯。因此,儘管主管罵得再狠,部署也無法記取教訓,還會認為你不分青紅皂白就劈頭大罵,因而惱羞成怒。換句話說,管理者在發脾氣之前,應該思考怎麼發火才能讓對方了解他「錯在哪」,並反省,才是有效的生氣方式。<br />
說到生氣,就會想到黑道老大,他們可是「發怒高手」,也是最懂得用「生氣」達到目的的人。<br />
「混帳東西!捅出這麼大的樓子,不要以為斷你一兩條手臂就可以了事。」<br />
被罵的小弟嚇得渾身發抖。雖然老大沒有直接亮出刀架在他脖子上,但先是「斷你一兩條手臂」,就能引起小弟的無限想像:「死定了,要是再不想出方法補救,我的命就不保了。」並積極尋找補救辦法。<br />
或者是反過來,丟出抽象的言詞恐嚇對方:「你是想要我載你去六甲山兜兜風嗎?」引起對方的聯想:「要被埋在六甲山了嗎?慘了!」這時闖禍的小弟,就會立刻跪地求饒。<br />
用言語斥責、恫嚇,讓對方嚇得全身發抖──這種把戲,可以說是黑道的拿手絕技。<br />
話說回來,雖然黑道老大在斥責及恫嚇方面都是專家,但接下來如何處置,才是他們高明之處。<br />
若是普通人,在發完脾氣後,多半會以烙狠話收尾,如:<br />
「下次注意點!」<br />
「這次我就睜隻眼閉隻眼放過你了。」<br />
「下次再捅出樓子,你就自己斷手指謝罪!」<br />
這麼做,表面上對方似乎因為被罵了而開始反省,但因為根本不知道自己錯在哪,所以完全無法記取教訓。或者,即使他們認為自己有錯,但被狠狠修理了一頓,因而惱羞成怒,反而埋怨主管。<br />
真正厲害的黑道老大,同樣是破口大罵,在罵完以後,一定會加上一句話:「出這種紕漏,真不像你!」或是說:「我並不是為了你捅出樓子才生氣,是氣你太粗
心!」像這樣讓對方雖然被罵了,也不會傷及自尊,反而覺得自己受到肯定,並認真思考被罵的主因,徹底反省。這麼一來,就達到生氣的目的了。<br />
在
工作上也一樣,遇到部屬犯錯,你可能忍不住大罵:「你這個混帳!」但記得立刻恢復冷靜,以肯定對方的口吻加上一句:「真不像你會犯的錯。」或是說:「失敗
沒關係,但不允許粗心大意。沒錯吧?」只要最後補上這句話,部屬就不會因為被罵偷偷記恨,也更能冷靜的反省、記取教訓。<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-26692158329805859222015-10-10T16:47:00.000+08:002015-10-10T16:47:06.679+08:00麥肯錫新人邏輯思考5堂課:只要一小時,就可學會一生受用的邏輯思考法則<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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這本書我在機場買的,真的很好讀,是麥肯錫相關,邏輯思考相關的書中最好上手的一本.<br />
可以輕鬆的閱讀又能學到東西,真的很不錯!!<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><strong style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red;">*麥肯錫式邏輯思考決定版!<br />*幫助你具有洞察力與說服力,並且諸事順遂的最佳武器!</span><br /><br /> 【試著用麥肯錫式邏輯思考想想看,就能收到意想不到的成果】</strong><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> 世界最強的管理顧問公司麥肯錫,教育新人的「邏輯思考」非常創新。</span><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> 它能幫助你產生「理所當然」吸引眾人、有價值的意見,</span><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> 讓眾人不禁脫口對你說出:「那個意見很好!」</span><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> 麥肯錫式邏輯思考,簡單地來說,就是:</span><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> .批判性地思考(透過深度洞察,擁有自己的想法)</span><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> .邏輯性地發展(淺顯易懂地傳達)</span><br style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"> 透過歸零發想與假設思考,創新地創造當下最佳並且切中要點的「新答案」。</span></span><br />
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出版社:遠流
<br />出版日期:2015/06/26
<br />語言:繁體中文
<br />定價:250元 <br />
ISBN:9789573276555
<br />叢書系列:綠蠹魚
<br />規格:平裝 / 224頁 / 25k正 / 14.8 x 21 cm / 普通級 / 單色印刷 / 初版
<br />出版地:台灣<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #232323; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,PMingLiU; line-height: 23.4px; text-align: justify;"></span></span> <br />
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「思
想淺薄、隨波逐流」和「思想深入、策動人心」,你是哪一種?如果你希望在職場上成功,最好是成為後者。思想淺薄的人,常常把「我早就知道了」「以前也是這
樣」掛嘴邊,或者是看到「大家都這麼說」就輕易地附和。這樣的日子很輕鬆、不費力,但就等於把行動和看法的主控權交給別人,只能「被人驅動」。<br /><br />相反的,要是你希望是別人附和你,照著你希望的方向行動,並總能讓他人認為「這意見真的不錯」,願意支持和執行,前麥肯錫顧問大嶋祥譽說,你該學習的是更深入的動腦方法─「批判思考」。<br /><br />他在<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010679873" target="_blank">《麥肯錫新人邏輯思考5堂課》</a>裡將批判思考定義為「透過深度洞察,擁有自己想法」,建議大家可以運用以下4個方法,在日常生活中鍛鍊批判思考,養成習慣後自然能夠把事情想得更深入、更清楚:<br />
<br /><b>練習1.放棄模糊用詞,講話務求具體明白</b><br /><br />面對老闆提問,「A專案進行的如何?」很多人會這麼回答:「啊,好像進展得不錯,我會盡早完成的。」但「不錯」到底是什麼意思呢?是毫無障礙的進行,還是遭遇阻礙但成功化解?「盡早」又是何時會完工?<br /><br />從今天起,不要採取這種步具體的說話方法,而是逼自己有意識的講出明確、清楚的用字,聽別人說話時,也要挑出這些不具體之處,深入追究,鍛鍊自己的思考肌力。<br />
<br /><b>練習2.不要一窩蜂,隨便跟著別人照做</b><br /><br />中午吃飯的時候,大家正思考要點什麼菜色,有人說想試試餐廳推薦的套餐,其他人就紛紛附和,這也是思考淺薄的典型。你可能以為不過是吃飯,這麼認真幹嘛?但當養成跟隨習慣後,「你」的意見會逐步消失不見。<br /><br />即使是小事,也不要輕易跟著大家做,而是想清楚「背後的根據」,給自己一個選擇的理由。<br />
<br /><b>練習3.從新聞標題衍生出「別的事」</b><br /><br />「政府要幫男女找對象?討論設立克服少子化危機基金」這是2013年日本的新聞話題,政府試圖提供婚姻資訊、幫助人們找對象,引發各種討論,像是「終於有面對少子化危機的對策」「用納稅人的錢幫民眾找結婚對象也太奇怪」等等。<br /><br />這時候,先不要落入新聞標題,試著用「So What?(所以怎樣?)Why So?(那是為何?)」思考看看。<br /><br />其
實政府公佈的調查資料有提到,不結婚、不戀愛的年輕人持續增加,可推測失婚率會進一步上升,影響生育率。長期發展下去,對於年金分配、醫療照護等體系和經
濟環境都會有大幅影響。因此,國家才不惜編列預算,企圖從提高結婚率下手。像這樣針對新聞來思考,提出其背景、意義,並找到不同於他人的觀點。<br />
<br /><b>練習4.區分事實和意見,不被隨意混淆</b><br /><br />「最近傷風感冒好流行,所以有很多人戴口罩預防。」當你聽見這句話,先別急著一起戴上口罩,而該回頭想一下「這是事實嗎?」首先,要有幾個人戴口罩才稱得上多?多是一個主觀性的概念,屬於陳述者的個人意見,不能直接認可和參考。<br /><br />再來,人們戴口罩真的是為了預防感冒嗎?這可能是陳述者的推測,也屬於個人意見,需要在通過其他方法驗證才可以列為事實。很多時候你以為對方說著事實,但深究內容不過都是他的推論,都需要再三確認才行。<br />
<br />
更多關於這本書的資訊請去網路書局瞧瞧吧~<br />
<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010679873" target="_blank">麥肯錫新人邏輯思考5堂課:只要一小時,就可學會一生受用的邏輯思考法則</a><br />
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更多好書請到版主的網路讀書會<br />
<a href="http://readingdream.blogspot.tw/" target="_blank"><span>除了愛情,沒有任何事情像閱讀這樣讓我們覺得遲來的開始也可以如此美好。</span></a><a name='more'></a><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-72078287658850631102015-10-01T08:58:00.001+08:002015-10-01T08:58:44.913+08:00郝明義:中國的財富,是對我們靈魂的第一道試煉《如果台灣的四周是海洋》<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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中國正以他們的財富,給了全世界試煉靈魂的題目。<br /><br />近距離的台灣,這場試煉尤其深刻。<br /><br />Judy是一個我在花蓮認識的年輕人。<br /><br />Judy沒有讀大學。她是台中人,因為父母早逝,才來台北工作。她想學做西式甜點,於是進了一家餐廳,後來去花蓮,在那裡有機緣進入國賓飯店的關係企業做西點,然後又調回台北。<br /><br />我見到Judy的時候,她正要離開台北回到花蓮,但是打算先去台南住一段時間。<br /><br />我問她為什麼。<br /><br />「我自己一直在漂。但是對台南有一種感覺:那裡的人『根』性很強。每人都有一套自己的美食地圖。所以我想去看看是怎麼回事。」Judy又加了一句:「我也想加強一下英文。可以順便去上成大的課。」<br /><br />*<br /><br />這幾年,我一直在思考怎麼比較兩岸年輕人的不同,怎麼歸納彼此不同的特質。我找過各種不同的說法,都不是很滿意。我和Judy談話的那個早上,卻終於找到了。<br /><br />中國大陸有一句話來形容他們的叢林生存法則:野蠻成長。野蠻成長是中國大陸許多年輕人以及企業人士掛在嘴邊的話。一個代表性的例子是阿里巴巴的馬雲。<br /><br />我
不是講馬雲從一個杭州的中學英文老師變身為互聯網大亨的過程。我要說的是:當阿里巴巴在軟體銀行、雅虎等支持下壯大,以支付寶而形成超越銀行的工具和現金
流之後,2011年馬雲可以在沒有董事會決議的狀況下,就把支付寶劃歸自己另外成立的一家公司。不只雅虎曾經考慮要訴諸法律行動,北京的《財經》雜誌總編
輯胡舒立為此還撰文直指其不當。<br /><br />這個事件,在三方協議,由獨立的支付寶公司支付阿里巴巴集團補償,以及保證未來上市時的現金回報作結。隨著時間過去;隨著阿里巴巴發展得更大,終於在紐約上市;隨著孫正義和雅虎都在這波上市中賺取了巨大的回報,馬雲當年的爭議就被人淡忘,而只剩下他成功的佳話了。<br />
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<br />許多人羨慕中國大陸的經濟發展,羨慕他們企業家的魄力和策略,應該也注意一下他們在叢林生存法則之中野蠻成長的過程。<br /><br />歸
納起來,在中國大陸之所以需要野蠻成長,或者說野蠻成長之所以能大行其道,其根本原因,在於他們社會在人的基本權利上還有許多尚待發展的空間。你要在那個
社會裡獲得基本的安全感,得一路過關斬將,不惜代價地成長,直到確認自己成為人上人之後,才能比較確保有足夠的財富、人脈來保護自己。<br /><br />這
種特殊的社會環境,使得人不能不積極向上,努力奮鬥。而一旦能在十三億人口的競賽中脫穎而出,其出色非同小可。而一旦他們的經濟起飛,大量商業機會湧現,
和這批出色人才互動出新的化學變化,也非同一般。人人因機會的湧現而乘風直上,乘風直上的人又會刺激、帶動、連結出新的機會。<br /><br />但不論你的財富累積多少,不論你多麼人上人,在那叢林社會中總不免存在不安。對岸向外的巨大移民潮,正是在這種背景下產生的。<br /><br />這也就是野蠻成長的環境與價值。<br /><br />*<br /><br />台灣不同。<br /><br />幾十年來,歷經各種街頭運動、解嚴、政黨輪替,台灣把有關人的基本權利照顧到相當程度,可以說,最少基礎建設是完成了。<br /><br />不只人權,動物權也被注意,動物權還被細分為陸地動物和海洋動物。而像張卉君做的,她的注意範圍已經細分成海岸動物與海域動物之別。<br /><br />在這個情況下,前幾年台灣年輕人之所以「小確幸」,而被某些年紀較大的人認為不夠進取,沒有志氣,但其實這些年紀比較大的人應該換一個角度來看:正是因為我們社會的基本人權已經完備了,所以我們的年輕人也少掉了必須踩在別人頭上成長的動機與需求。<br /><br />我們的社會當然還是有巨大的財富分配不均,以及顯著的貧富差距。但差距再大,在人權的層面上,卻沒有差距。你年收入幾億和我年收入幾十萬,在社會上的一切權利都相同。我的收入再少,只要我能過好自己的生活,沒有任何權利是別人可以剝奪的。<br /><br />所以,我從兩個角度看台灣的「小確幸」。<br /><br />第一,小確幸可能是我們在經濟發展過程裡遮蓋了年輕人的希望,他們不得不的選擇;第二,也可能是因為這個社會以及個人的權利穩定,使得台灣的年輕人不必有出人頭地的壓力。<br /><br />相較於對岸許多年輕人必須為尋找生存的機會而工作,台灣許多年輕人則是為了思考生命的意義而工作,這無關於他的財富多寡。<br /><br />我在和Judy談話的那個早上,看著陽光照在我們的沙發上,突然明白了這兩者之間的差異。<br /><br />我在北京居住的時候,見過許多「北漂」。這些「漂」,多的是尋求生存機會,要在巨大的、尖銳的壓力下尋求生存機會。<br /><br />Judy卻不是。她在台灣城市之間移動,不是為了求學,不是為了生存,也不是為了返鄉。她的漂,不同於我過去認識的台灣人,也完全不同於我在北京看到的北漂。<br /><br />對岸的北漂,讓我更多地聯想到一種在風中的飄蕩。沒有根、沒有依靠,全靠自己努力找到一個比較好的落腳點。<br /><br />而Judy的漂,卻像是在水上的漂。所以雖然她也不知道目的地,也是一路尋找比較好的落腳點,但是始終有道水流在托著她移動。<br /><br />北漂,有飛揚與蕭瑟的聲音;Judy,則是一種安靜與自在。<br /><br />*<br /><br />今天的兩岸,不論在血緣、文化上多麼一家親,但畢竟是兩個截然不同的社會。<br /><br />對岸是七不講的社會。所謂「七不講」,就是「普世價值不要講」、「新聞自由不要講」、「公民社會不要講」、「公民權利不要講」、「中國共產黨的歷史錯誤不要講」、「權貴資產階級不要講」、「司法獨立不要講」。甚至,記者報導了「七不講」都要被判刑七年。<br /><br />相對地,台灣卻沒有什麼不能講。除了中國共產黨的歷史錯誤之外,其他六講每天都在講。也是這些講,催生了我看到的風起雲湧的年輕人的公民行動。<br /><br />這兩種截然不同的社會體制,必然會培育出完全不同的面對機會、生存、成長的心態和方法。<br /><br />對岸在過去二十年,尤其是近七年間,締造了可以說是人類歷史上前所未見的經濟發展奇蹟,也把國力提升到叱咤全球的層次。<br /><br />我經常聽到人們在談到對岸種種的時候,流露出的羨慕、焦急、感嘆,甚至拿對岸來對比的時候,對自己的社會、政府、掌握資源的人、對未來沒有企圖心的年輕人有諸多不滿。<br /><br />也有人相反。講到對岸,則完全不屑、厭惡,或者即使提起來也是不值一顧。<br /><br />我們社會裡有急統與急獨之別。我覺得急統和急獨都是用哈哈鏡在看對岸。<br /><br />急統像是凹鏡,把對岸扭曲到只剩下大的、美好的影像。<br /><br />急獨像是凸鏡,把對岸扭曲到只剩下小的、凶惡的影像。<br /><br />但事實上,我們不該用凹鏡,也不該用凸鏡來看對岸。<br /><br />用凹鏡來過度美化對岸,可能連自己是誰都忘了。<br /><br />用凸鏡來過度妖魔化對岸,可能人家邀請我們的年輕人去個四五天的旅遊,就可以為他們「平反」。<br /><br />我們需要用的是鏡子。一面能真實反映對岸現實的平整鏡子,也是一面可以藉由兩岸的對照,而成為我們調整自己的鏡子。<br /><br />*<br /><br />用統獨的議題來看兩岸,是把我們自己的機遇看得太小了。<br /><br />中國經濟崛起後之於全世界的情況,是人類歷史前所未見的。<br /><br />從沒有一個國家,如此懂得西方世界的經濟語言融入西方的自由市場,卻又和西方世界的許多基本價值觀如此不同。<br /><br />從沒有一個國家,從政府到個人,挾如此巨大的財富,為世界各國所歡迎,卻又戒備。中國一家公司的員工旅遊到法國,其人數及可能的採購力,使法國外交部長親自接見老闆。帛琉因為中國觀光客過多而決定減少班次,到目前為止則是例外。<br /><br />你到底要為中國帶來的或預示的財富而折腰多少度,是全人類靈魂的試煉。<br /><br />台灣,距中國如此之近,和中國關係如此之密,這種試煉當然更大。<br /><br />今天,每個行業,我們都會看到有人說對岸是台灣唯一的希望,或者不與對岸來往台灣就看不到希望。甚至,我們政府都因為經濟沒有出路,而指望起由對岸來拯救我們的經濟,把我們應有的安全考量都放在一邊。<br /><br />也
不只政府如此。大家都知道,台灣雖然降雨量豐富,卻正走向無水可用之境。但就在保護水源是如此重要課題之際,近年來為了迎接陸客,「位於水源保護區的飯店
開發案卻一個個送進環保署,反而在做破壞水源的事。有的甚至違反法令規定,就賭環評委員看不出來而能草草通過。」長期注意水資源問題的獨立記者朱淑娟如此
寫道。<br /><br />如果我們願意拿對岸當一面鏡子,那麼除了急著賺對岸的錢,更應該學習對岸在野蠻成長中呈現的企圖心與生命力。<br /><br />活動通的謝耀輝,在那天和我談了四個小時之後,還寫信補充:<br /><br />
中國大陸幅員遼闊,每個地方的特色不太一樣。大家普遍都會在這邊感到步調節奏很快,例如北京是網路創業最發達的城市,這邊存在太多的應用天天都冒出來,而
且每一種服務與生意都不會只有一家在做,這些競爭者還天天盯著每一家廠商,試圖學習並且超越對手,速度節奏絕對比台灣很多地方來得快,由於這邊要出線被關
注到的機會太少,所以創業或者就業的人都非常急於在很短的時間內做出成果,也因此台灣人會覺得這裡的節奏並不是那麼「正常」。<br /><br />他的意思是在對岸很多時候就是得先加足馬力做新的嘗試、想新的方法、實現新的可能,幾乎很難有時間思考,就是得先衝,因此公司步調節奏都很快。而回到台灣,則是慢慢把事情想清楚再做,因此有時候完成一件事情就要花到比對岸多一倍以上的時間。<br /><br />「但
商場上的競爭,有時候踩對點後比的就是速度。先機加上執行效率往往是勝出的關鍵,這也是為什麼中國大陸在很短的時間內,從許多方面都能夠很快速地追上世界
許多國家的原因。」謝耀輝繼續寫道,「台灣不能只看到他們山寨、抄襲的部分,應該看到這些大陸企業勇敢投資、快速更替、勇於創新、優化精進等等值得學習的
一面。」<br /><br />檢討一下,我們還會發現自己另外一些問題。<br /><br />一位剛回國的年輕導演在前年籌拍了一個十二分鐘的短片,當年度得了許多獎。後來她在這個基礎上,寫了長片劇本,參加國際創投會議,希望可以募得拍攝長片的資金。<br /><br />在這個過程裡,她見到了來自兩岸三地及海外其他地區的許多投資者。出乎意料地,真正理解她想要做什麼,以及明白故事價值的,幾乎都是來自香港和中國的投資者。<br /><br />雖然因為她選擇的題材涉及台灣政治社會的轉變,對岸無法投資,但是他們都急著約她見面,或者馬上要買機票請她去北京替他們寫腳本。一位從電子業轉來要投資電影的中國老闆,為了投資電影,花了兩年時間,每天看五部電影做功課,所以彼此在溝通上沒有隔閡,並且會聽她說故事。<br /><br />反
而是台灣的投資者,最讓她沮喪失望。「我們有很多的創投,因為政府的政策,拿著國家的文創基金在進行投資。但是他們會問各種奇怪的問題。一聽就知道,這些
人不會看、也看不懂劇本,平常可能連電影觀眾都不是。」這位新導演說,「但是他們會用投資電子業、醫療、銀行的思維,或是各種貌似科學的數據分析,去討論
要不要投資一部電影。他們不關心故事的內容,只關心表面的數字。」<br /><br />她說自己遇過最機車的例子,是一家半導體大廠設的創投基金副總。「他跟
我侃侃而談兩個小時,都在講他對電影的喜好與理解,以及他個人淵博興趣的展現。」然後那位副總說:「我相信妳的電影會成功,但是,你們電影就算票房成功,
最多賺六倍,這很多吧。我們投資其他行業例如電子業,十個案例就算失敗九個,我們卻可能因為一個案子的成功,而賺上三十倍。所以,我們對於一部電影沒有興
趣。如果妳成立了類似優酷網的公司,我們就會考慮加入。」<br /><br />這位新導演下了個結論:「我不知道,那他一直邀我去喝咖啡的用意是什麼。是因為這樣,他就可以跟政府報告,他曾經試圖了解、企圖投資文創產業嗎?」<br /><br />我們也要注意自己經濟發展中過於注重接單、代工的思維,產生了多大的後遺症。我在訪談的過程裡,聽到許多人都感受到台灣社會形成一種不但不鼓勵自有品牌,還打壓自己品牌的現象。<br /><br />最早,我是有一天和陳季敏與郭英聲喝茶聽到的。他們談自己開發的服飾品牌Jamei Chen所投入的心力,陳季敏說道,「外國服飾品牌的活動新聞,在電視上播出沒問題,但是我們自己國內的品牌就得馬賽克處理,說是不能置入性行銷。」<br /><br />後來我從訪談過的許多人那裡都聽來同樣的感觸。<br /><br />鄭國威說,「網路新聞可以說是YouTube如何如何,但是不能說台灣的某個網站名。」<br /><br />林思吾也表示了類似的觀察。他還特別加了一句:「馬賽克處理本土品牌,卻又保護汽車,沒有處理的公平性。」<br /><br />張世群則提到這可能和台灣整個社會都有關聯:「台灣對全球所有各國的品牌都開放,但是對自己創造的品牌卻沒有那麼大的信心。」<br /><br />謝耀輝還有個更細的分析:「台灣人可以支持你用外國的元素來開發給台灣人用的產品品牌,但不支持你去做開拓國際市場的品牌。」<br /><br />而對這個現象的最佳解釋,還是前頭寫過林思吾講的一段話:「我們政府的政策只看到既得利益者。既有的稅法,根本是逼你當外企,懲罰本土企業。他們完全沒有覺得台灣有做全球化的可能。」<br /><br />而對岸可不同。從政府到產業到企業,他們一心積極地想要建立品牌,想要走出去的企圖心,人人可見。<br /><br />我不想長他人志氣,也不想漲自己威風。我要說的是:中國正在以他們的財富,給全世界出了試煉的題目。我們,因為語言、文化及地理距離的特殊背景,受到的試煉會特別大,不能不小心。但是,我們也因為語言、文化及地理距離的特殊背景,在這場試煉中可能產生的收穫也特別大。<br /><br />端看怎麼善用這面鏡子。<br /><br />這是對我們靈魂的第一道試煉。<br />書籍介紹<br /><br />《如果台灣的四周是海洋》, 網路與書股份有限公司出版<br /><br />作者:郝明義,現任大塊文化、Net and Books,與ChineseCUBES董事長<br /><br />我們要敢於和過去不同,敢於和對岸不同,敢於在險境中開創新的未來。<br /><br />二十年時間將決定我們是滅亡還是新生。<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/products/0010687692?utm_source=georgetzeng&utm_medium=ap-books&utm_content=recommend&utm_campaign=ap-201510" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;">如果台灣的四周是海洋</span></a><br /><br />責任編輯:鄒琪<br />核稿編輯:楊士範 <br />
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我們要敢於和過去不同,敢於和對岸不同,<br />敢於在險境中開創新的未來。<br />二十年時間將決定我們是滅亡還是新生。<br />前國策顧問郝明義直接訪問四位總統候選人。<br /><br /> 四位總統參選人接受作者直接的訪問,回答他們準備如何面對政府運作的癱瘓問題:蔡英文(民進黨參選人)、施明德(獨立參選人)、宋楚瑜(親民黨參選人)、洪秀柱(國民黨參選人)四位。(按接受訪問的先後順序)<br /><br /> 「會計法送進立法院發現漏字、總統府讓一個精神失常的女人走上五樓、塑化與與食用油延燒的風暴、桃園機場讓活貓夾帶出境、貴婦團阿帕契事件、跨部會拚經濟卻越拚越糟……這許多新聞共同告訴我們的是什麼?」<br /><br /> 本書開場,是郝明義寫的前言,說明他寫這本書的源起。然後打開第一章的一開頭,作者就拿出一堆看似不相干的新聞事件,然後歸納出他觀察到現在台灣面臨的最大問題:「政府的運作已經癱瘓,行政已經崩壞。」<br /><br /> 身為出版業界重量級人物的郝明義,兩年前因為反黑箱服貿事件「開第一槍」而為人所知。《如果台灣的四周是海洋》是他因為抗議服貿而辭去國策顧問一職後,兩年來思索台灣的現實和未來而寫的一本書。<br /><br /> 郝明義說台灣已經不只是來到人人都是媒體的時代,也來到了人人都是公民行動的時代,人人都是大推理家的時代──人人都必須推理思考自己社會的問題根源,並加以改善。<br /> <br /> 全書不但結合了郝明義自己的視野與長期對台灣與兩岸的觀察,他更遍訪各行各業的許多人物,尤其是二、三十歲年齡層的人。全書讀來有他自己的深刻論點,也有像推理小說的線索和布局,一步步把困擾台灣人多年的裡裡外外問題的根源,逐漸揭露。<br /><br /> 郝明義說:「很多人聽了《如果台灣的四周是海洋》這個書名,都問:我們的四周不就是海洋嗎?難道不是嗎?」<br /><br />
他說:地理條件上,是。但是在心態和認知上,我們不是。各種原因,使得台灣明明在海洋之中,但是卻長期背向海洋;使得我們忘了面對海洋該有的冒險探索,
而只固守小農耕作的保守心態;使得我們身處豐饒之中,卻看不清自己的資源,反而一路製造越來越大的破壞,終致深陷困境,甚至絕境。<br /><br /> 郝明義說他聽到身邊很多人都對台灣的現狀感到悲觀。他說台灣最近爆發的一個個問題還是小事,最嚴重的是台灣太多積弊和舊習已經快要讓自己窒息。無論如何都到了要變革的時刻。所以,他認為接下來的二十年,將是台灣目睹自己滅亡,但也可能新生的一個關鍵時期。<br /><br /> 而變革的基本信念,郝明義認為就是要勇敢:「敢於和過去不同,敢於和對岸不同,敢於從險境中開創未來。」<br /><br /> 本書共分三個部分:<br /><br /> 第一部:<恐懼的總和>。<br /><br /> 作者歸納政治、經濟與社會問題的沉年積弊,說明為什麼到了即將爆炸的關頭。<br /> 這些恐懼起源於:<br /> 一,不論誰再執政,都要面臨已經崩潰、無從運作的政府;<br /> 二,過於墨守陳規,過於老舊,沒有下一棒的經濟;<br /> 三,從經濟活動到房屋,被政府和老一代遮蓋住希望的年輕人;<br /> 四,台灣身處海洋之水,卻自己耗盡資源,成了「無魚之海」。<br /> 五,無處可去的核廢料,到了一個關鍵的危險期;<br /> 六,國、民兩黨都缺少第一哩路的兩岸政策,使兩岸處於危險之中;<br /> 七,服貿的未爆彈,對於未來的服貿,還有許多沒被注意的問題。<br /><br /> 作者在第一部寫了<結語一:統獨提款機>,指出政黨人物因為懶惰及逃避,而一再煽動統獨及藍綠之爭。政黨在執政到無牌可打之時,就使用統獨提款機,製造對立,企圖借由支持者對另一方顏色的厭惡,而轉移對自己執政無能的憤怒。<br /><br />
郝明義除了直接訪問四位總統參選人之外,呼籲政黨人物要改變之外,他也提醒這種顯對立的思維,其實是陸地思維。而如果我們改換海洋思維,「海底雖然也有
深溝淺灘的不同地形,但是一切都被包容在寬濶的海面之下。不同區域的海水,雖然也有不同顏色的變化,但這些不同顏色的海水並不是彼此隔離,更不會對立──
它們彼此還是並存、交流,只是隨時間與光線的變化而呈現不同的色相。」<br /><br /> 第二部:<希望的總和>。<br /><br /> 作者根據他的觀察與訪問,總結了台灣也正在迸發新的希望。這些新生的希望在於:<br /><br /> 一,未來需要的三種新人才出現。他們使用數位化與國際化的工具,參與社會「行動」,參與社群「協作」,為台灣注入新的能量。<br /><br /> 二,不指望政府,由民間主動突破障礙,敢於走不同的路,推動新經濟和產業升級的人出現,並且許多是年輕人;<br /><br /> 三,更多的年輕人,以相較於五年前高出六倍的人數、難以計量的熱情,投入各種公民運動,他們走向政治、教育、海洋、環保、偏鄉,還有國家安全,親身實踐也呼朋引伴地改造自己的社會和環境;<br /><br /> 四,台灣如果可以擺脫統獨的哈哈鏡,而把對岸當一面鏡子來看,那會發現這面鏡子可以幫我們進行三道靈魂的試煉。第一道試煉是財富,試煉我們可以如何由只想賺對岸觀光客的錢、便宜代工的錢,而改造自己創造財富的觀念和習性。<br /><br /> 五,台灣的第二道靈魂試煉,是擺脫統獨思維的地圖,看清自己在太平洋中的關鍵樞紐位置,以動態平衡來找出和對岸相處的角度。<br /><br />
六,台灣的第三道試煉,是體現也實踐民主社會,公民行動的價值,讓自己更上層樓。如此可以在當對岸向全世界展現「有用之用」的極致的時候,台灣卻可以向
對岸展現出「無用之用」。以這「無用之用」讓對岸感到一直有向我們學習之處。「當我們說對岸的國族主義大一統思想太狹隘的時候,我們自己要先跳脫西伐利亞
體系的主權國家邏輯,在地球村時代、全球人類有需要共同協助解決問題的時代,向世界開放我們的胸懷。」作者說。<br /><br /> 七,台灣許多問題之爆
發,除了本書第一章所寫的行政體系本身的崩壞之外,也有屬於立法院的、立法與行政權捍格的,以及因為國家治理者身分混淆不清而導致的。因此憲法時刻到了,
一個由公民而不是政黨發動的修憲的時刻到了。必須要𨤳清總統制或內閣制、改變立法委員的誕生方法,也要改變立法院的構成比例。而由於過去修憲都是由國民
黨和民進黨兩黨主導,兩黨都是出於政黨之私利,在枝微末節打轉,而未觸及憲法應有的大義,所以必須要由人民行動的時刻到了。<br /><br /> 作者在第二部的結語寫了一篇<解題者應該對出題者心存敬意>。他說出自己為什麼在思考兩年之後,今年三月中因為讀了一本推理小說而決心行動,開始這本書。<br /> <br />
「我們需要期許自己是一個大推理家,實踐自己為這個推理劇找出一條生路的時代到了。⋯⋯解開如此神秘、難解的難題,唯一的可能,就是要對所有製造這些難題
的人心存敬意,感謝如果沒有他們,我們就沒有這些難題可解。」郝明義說,只有如此,才能把解題當成一個奇妙無比的遊戲來對待。也只有如此,一個不可能出現
的解答,才可能出現。<br /><br /> 第三部:<Case Study:一段公民行動路線圖的解析>。<br /><br /> 這本書的第三部份,郝明義回顧整理了他從為反黑箱服貿開第一槍之後,到太陽花學運,再到1129 六都大選之前的路程。「公民行動需要論述、需要文字的力量。」作者說,「我希望把我自己反黑箱服貿的這段經驗提供出來,當作個案分析,給大家參考。」<br /><br /> 郝明義整理了十多篇發表過的文章,每篇都加上「寫作背景」,說明寫作當時的動機和著眼點;也加上「後續發展」,說明這篇文章後來發生的作用,以便給其他公民行動的人參考。<br />
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<br />作者簡介<br /><br />郝明義(REX HOW)<br /><br /> 1956年出生於韓國。<br /><br /> 1978年台大商學系國際貿易組畢業,次年開始進入出版業工作。歷任長橋出版社、《2001月刊》、《生產力月刊》、《時報新聞周刊》之特約翻譯、編輯、主編、總編輯等職。1988年任時報出版公司總經理,1996年離任。同年秋,創立大塊文化。<br /><br /> 1997年初接任臺灣商務印書館總經理兼總編輯,1999年底離任。<br /><br /> 2001年創立Net and Books。<br /><br /> 2010年創立ChineseCUBES 中文妙方。其所發想的中文妙方產品榮獲2013年德國iF 設計大獎的傳達設計獎(iF Communication Design Award 2013)。<br /><br /> 現任大塊文化、Net and Books,與ChineseCUBES董事長。<br /><br /> 著有:《工作DNA》(增訂三卷)、《故事》(大塊文化)、《那一百零八天》、《他們說》、《越讀者》、《一隻牡羊的金剛經筆記》。譯著:《如何閱讀一本書》(臺灣商務)、《2001太空漫遊》(遠流)。<br /><br />目錄<br />
<br />前言 當我們只剩二十年時間 4<br /><br />第一部 恐懼的總和 <br />救世主改善不了的行政崩壞 24<br />沒有下一棒的經濟 36<br />被遮蓋希望的年輕人 46<br />無魚之海 62<br />無處可去的核廢料 72<br />沒有第一哩路的兩岸政策 82<br />服貿的未爆彈 92<br />結語之一:統獨提款機 100<br />
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前言 <br /><br />當我們只剩二十年時間<br /><br /> 從二○○八年十二月三十一日接到的那通電話說起。<br /><br /> 那年八月,奧運閉幕典禮後一天,我舉家遷居北京。<br /><br /> 當時,我觀察中國大陸市場有二十年了。對一個台灣出版業者來說,這個市場如此重要,又如此難以捉摸;一切都要特許,太多灰色地帶又隱晦不明;我決定去親自住下來,試一下水深。<br /><br /> 同時,我也決定走另一條路。趁著中國經濟起飛,全球都起來的中文熱,看看如何開發華語教學的數位商品,開拓國際市場,同時也算是在分散風險。<br /><br /> 此外,我還同時在趕寫一本書,講我讀《金剛經》二十年卻漏讀了四個字的路程,也抒發我對這部經典的讚嘆。<br /><br /> 幾件事忙得不可開交。直到那個年底的早上,當我終於寫好那本書初稿的時候,終於有一種喘口氣的心情。<br /><br /> 就在此時,接到台北打來的一通電話。說是馬英九總統要邀請我擔任國策顧問。<br /><br /> 如果那個邀請來得早一個月,或甚至早一個星期,我都會立刻婉卻。但是在那個心情輕鬆的時刻,我說考慮一下。<br /><br /> 我先靜坐,向佛菩薩祈禱,後來就回覆對方同意了。<br /><br /> 那之前,我只見過馬總統兩次,彼此有過的對話應該不超過十句。<br /><br /> 關於「國策顧問」一職,我相信總統應該是超越黨派之上的,所以接受這個無給職的榮譽職位,也是著眼於希望能當中華民國的國策顧問。<br /><br /> 我檢查一下自己平素的關注範圍。除了出版、文化的議題之外,我長期觀察中國大陸,加上這時又實際居住在北京,覺得還可以在兩岸問題上提供一些意見。<br /><br /> 為了不要只是佔個虛銜,我還提出希望能和馬總統有定期討論的機會。<br /><br /> 馬總統沒有答應最後這一點,但是其後不時會在一般資政、國策顧問聚會之外,找我和其他一兩位人士聚談。<br /><br /> 這樣持續了兩年,在二○一○年五都選舉之前,我寫信給馬總統辭職。<br /><br /> 我覺得自己產生不了任何貢獻。<br /><br /> 眼看越來越多政務不是多頭馬車,就是無頭馬車;不是主從不分,就是疏於溝通,而我給馬總統的一些建議,難見實質的回應。所以我想辭職。<br /><br /> 然而,最後我還是接受了挽留。<br /><br />
主要是聽了幾位朋友的意見。他們提醒我兩點:一,你只是個「國策顧問」,不是政務官,只要言所當言就是盡責;二,別忘了當初接下這個身分的初衷,你所獻
策的對象應該是中華民國而不是總統個人,今天許多官員愛「看報治國」,你不妨迂迴前行,善用「國策顧問」的頭銜,從媒體上讓他們注意。<br /><br /> 這樣,我接受了挽留,也開始在報紙上以「國策顧問」的身分發表文章。雖然,不時有一些懷疑還是會浮上心頭。<br /><br /> ◎<br /><br /> 回顧我給馬總統的建言和提醒,主要在三個領域:國家論述,也就是國家方向的重要;兩岸政策不要進退失據;各級政府失能,難以運作的現實。<br /><br /> 二○一三年年初,我在《天下》雜誌上發表了〈一個國策顧問的兩封公開信〉。一封是給馬總統的:〈方向是唯一的解答〉,另一封是給台灣社會的:〈做主人該做的事〉。<br /><br /> 前一封信最核心的話是:「政府不把國家的發展方向說明清楚,卻只拿一些(經濟和外交上的)數據來強調自己的努力成果,形同一個司機始終在原地打轉,但卻不斷炫耀他的車速碼表在加快。沒有方向,領導者卻冀求民眾對施政『有感』,不啻緣木求魚。」<br /><br /> 後一封信最核心的話是:「如果我們當真相信民主社會裡,政府就是國民的公僕,那我們做主人的就該主動做一些事情……兩次政黨輪替都不滿意,我們更可以確信這個國家的未來應該掌握在每一個主人的手上,而不能任由僕人浪擲、揮霍。」<br /><br /> 這兩封信收到很多回響。馬總統也約了我在二月底單獨聚談。<br /><br /> 那天,我們談最多的還是國家的方向。此外,就是兩岸關係。並且,以兩岸關係當切入點,我再給了一些如何進行行政革新的建議。<br /><br /> 一如既往,馬總統十分誠懇地做了許多筆記。<br /><br /> 四個月後,我在一個極為偶然的狀況下,得知政府即將在重重遮掩、黑箱作業的狀況下簽署《兩岸服務貿易協議》(以下簡稱「服貿協議」)。<br /><br /> 我為此寫了〈我們只剩下二十四小時了〉,開了所謂反黑箱服貿的第一槍。再一個月後,我在立法院發表了辭國策顧問的公開信。<br /><br /> ◎<br /><br /> 曾經,許多長夜,我在佛前靜坐,祈禱祂告訴我為什麼要繼續擔任一個沒有貢獻的國策顧問。<br /><br /> 佛始終不語。<br /><br /> 直到在立法院公開宣布辭職的前夜,我先是感覺到,我之於這個職位的作用,可能不在接任,而在辭任。<br /><br /> 再接著,我逐漸體會到:我說想為中華民國而擔任的「國策顧問」,原來是從我和馬總統告別之後才真正開始的。<br /><br /> 這也是一條完全意外的自我學習和成長之路。<br /><br /> 服貿協議的內容公布之前,我只是從出版業者看到的一點端倪,以為政府的失策是因為他們不了解,或不重視這個產業。公布之後,發現遠不止於此。<br /><br /> 在那之前,我雖然早已體會到今天政府失能,難以運作的現實,但是畢竟還保持著一定程度的信任。然而,馬總統及其官員在處理服貿協議這件事情的心態、識見與方法,卻把我那一定程度的信任也打破了。<br /><br /> 我對自己曾經寫過的那句話,有了更深刻的感受:「兩次政黨輪替都不滿意,我們更可以確信這個國家的未來應該掌握在每一個主人的手上,而不能任由僕人浪擲、揮霍。」<br /><br /> 我要實踐我所相信的事情。<br /><br /> 我能做的,就是盡量用清楚而淺白的文字,把我感受到的危險大聲地說出來,在迷霧中尋找回應的同伴,大家逐漸聚攏,同心協力地共同辨別方向,走出危險。<br /><br /> 我幸運地找到一些伙伴,一起行動,走出了一條原來別人認為沒有機會的路。<br /><br /> 和他們一起工作,我的許多問題得到解答,許多視野得以打開。<br /><br /> 不止如此,接著我對參與其他公民行動有了興趣與動機,後來選擇核電議題,又有了一批新的伙伴。當然,核電又連結了環境保護及其他。<br /><br /> 許多議題對我都是陌生的。但是感謝我原來的工作就是出版與寫作。吸收、消化各種知識,並設法找出最淺顯易懂的方式與其他讀者分享,本來就是我的生活。所以碰觸這些議題,固然有壓力,但也有樂趣。<br /><br /> 就這樣,我一路練習思考台灣的現實與未來。<br /><br /> 時間過去了兩年。<br /><br /> 如果說當時政府所簽的服貿協議是一場突如其來的急病,那直到今天我們還在加護病房之中,甚至看到病危通知。<br /><br /> 兩岸政策,仍然在混亂,甚至惡化之中。<br /><br /> 此外,憲政扞格、國防鬆散、行政系統失靈、食安崩盤、產業轉型和升級無解、空污嚴重、水資源破壞、經濟日益倚賴對岸、國債破表、年金破產、新生人口減半後還持續減少、國民整體健康卻持續惡化……太多關鍵問題都已經到達或超過了我們可以負荷的臨界點。<br /><br /> 更別提堆積超載,無處可去,卻還是有人想延時使用的核廢料,可能隨時讓我們的家園全毀。<br /><br /> 太多過去的問題相互糾纏。不只拖累,甚至在癱瘓我們;不只癱瘓,甚至在窒息我們;不只窒息,甚至將粉碎我們。而檯面上的政黨,不論朝野,都對這些問題的肇因難以卸責,所以也難指望他們有大破大立的視野與解決方法。<br /><br /> 我聽到周邊許多人在嘆氣,在悲觀。<br /><br /> 我很少回應。<br /><br /> 不是不悲觀。我的看法是:如果任憑這種情況繼續下去,我們根本就是滅亡在即——不論是國家還是環境。<br /><br /> 但我也因為悲觀而相信必須樂觀。樂觀於相信我們還是可以改變這些跡象的走向,樂觀於我們可以改變未來。<br /><br /> 最開始,只是一些信念在支撐我。中華民國是亞洲第一個共和國,歷經動盪、無數人的奉獻犧牲,在台灣大家又付出這麼多時間和代價,才熬煉出今天的民主局面。現在說是因為一個個民選的政黨人物有負所託,因為他們的私利、偏執、無能,就要導致這個國家的滅亡,無有此理。<br /><br /> 後來,兩年的學習與成長之旅,讓我更有了真正樂觀的理由。因為我見識到什麼是台灣的真正生命力:台灣的公民覺醒與行動。<br /><br /> 我觀察一些公民行動,和主事者交往後,得出這麼一個結論:每一個無能的政府官員,每一個無知的決策,都在民間培養了相對應的異議者。政府固然靠著資訊不對稱的優勢而仍然佔有一些上風,但是在網路時代,又是民主社會的台灣,這種優勢越來越小,越來越短。<br /><br />
相對於政府官員「以畏葸為慎,以柔靡為恭」的特質,這些民間異議者,雖然一個個沒有什麼大的組織規模,許多人更是單兵作戰,但最大的特點就是大家充滿熱
情。可歸因於政府不當決策、推拉拖延而造成的一次次社會事件,一方面使大家付出痛苦的代價,但另一方面也成了滋育、刺激這些人茁壯、行動的養分。<br /><br /> 這些人,有的還是有自己傾向支持的政黨,但是已經不再迷信於救世主;有的不再信任國、民兩黨的任何之一,決定要走出第三力量;有的更完全拋開政黨的意識,先行開展自己相信的行動。<br /><br /> 台灣的未來,可將因為這些新生的公民覺醒與行動而改變。但這些能量還在新生階段。到底這些能量會及時整合,成為推送我們升空,遠離毀滅的火箭?還是各自綻放,只是我們在毀滅之前看到的一些美麗煙火?<br /><br /> 因此,今天台灣來到了恐懼與希望總和的一刻。而我們所剩的時間不多了。<br /><br /> 我聽過最悲觀的看法是,這時間將不超過五年。但我願意樂觀一些,相信最多二十年內,我們可能目睹自己的滅亡,但,也可能,目睹自己的新生。<br /><br /> 決定滅亡還是新生的,除了我們的希望、意志和努力,最重要的就是時間。我們在和時間競賽。<br /><br /> 現在許多問題我們看不出解答,但是只要我們開始正視、努力,時間會是最公平的顯示者。所以我們要盡力拉長可以努力的時間,更不能浪費任何可用的時間。<br /><br /> 我曾經認為需要更多的時間來寫這一本書。但因為許多問題緊迫無以復加,而二○一六年馬上要到來的選舉,對未來的影響又是如此關鍵,所以我決定提前出版,即使有些說明可能還不夠周延。<br /><br /> ◎<br /><br /> 基本上,寫這本書,我是在記錄這兩年自己對台灣社會的觀察與思考,加上收集我訪談許多人而得到的各種恐懼與希望。<br /><br /> 我整理這些恐懼與希望的關聯,也提出我的體會和建議。<br /><br /> 共有三個部分的內容。<br /><br /> 第一部:〈恐懼的總和〉。<br /><br /> 我整理了一些我看到的危險:<br /><br /> 不論誰執政,都要面臨已經崩潰、無從運作的政府。<br /><br /> 沒有下一棒可以跑下去的經濟。<br /><br /> 我們在拚命遮擋年輕人的希望。<br /><br /> 我們樂於把環境和資源破壞到無以復加。<br /><br /> 偏偏,核廢料的累積,已經超出了可能隨時毀滅我們的臨界點,而許多人寧願視而不見。<br /><br /> 至於深刻影響我們的兩岸政策,國民黨和民進黨事實上都是盲目地欠缺第一哩路,而不是最後一哩路。連服貿協議,都還是一顆未爆彈。<br /><br /> 第二部:〈希望的總和〉。<br /><br /> 相對應於恐懼,我也看到希望:<br /><br /> 新時代的「協作」特質、全球化特質,在台灣推動三種人才出現。<br /><br /> 一些敢於告別過去,推動新產業的範例出現了。有年輕人在亮出台灣前所未見的銳氣,有中年大叔在創造世界級的夢想,還有更大年紀的人在示範我們面對能源的新立場。<br /><br /> 更多的年輕人,以相較於五年前高出六倍的人數、難以計量的熱情,投入各種社會運動、公民運動,親身實踐也呼朋引伴地改造自己的社會和環境,創造自己的未來。真正是風起雲湧。<br /><br /> 急統和急獨都是在用哈哈鏡看對岸,不是過度誇大了對岸,就是過度渺小了對岸。而我們實際需要的是一面鏡子。善用鏡子,我們會發現,面對對岸,其實就是面對我們自己靈魂的三道試煉。通得過這三道試煉,我們就可以脫胎換骨。<br /><br /> 並且,我們的憲法時刻到了。癱瘓的政府必須從根本上解決,由公民而不是政黨發動的修憲的時刻到了,也是每個人需要參政的時刻到了。<br /><br /> 這些希望,讓我們相信台灣可以從險境中創造一個嶄新的未來。<br /><br /> 第三部:〈Case Study:一段公民行動路線圖的解析〉。<br /><br /> 開反黑箱服貿第一槍的時候,我像是在黑夜的濃霧之中。不知道究竟在發生什麼事,更不知道接下來的去向如何。但是逐漸地,因為聽到回音,因為聚集了同伴,因為大家的分工合作,我們撐到了可以看到一點天色,摸清一點周遭。<br /><br /> 之後,我們看出方向。有了方向,再定目標。有了目標,再定進程與時間。有了進程與時間,再定方法。這樣,事情逐漸往我們希望的方向發展。<br /><br /> 在這個過程裡,從一開始,我就知道:要相信筆的力量。隨著時間推進,我更越來越有計畫地使用自己的文字,當一種火力。<br /><br /> 每篇文章發表,我都仔細觀察彈著點,再設定下一篇文章的方向。或者,自己發動一次攻擊;或者,支援同伴的前進;或者,先停止不動。<br /><br /> 因此我整理了一些發表過的文章,每篇都加上「寫作背景」,說明寫作當時的動機和著眼點,也加上「後續發展」,說明這篇文章後來發生的作用。<br /><br /> 台灣接下來各方面的改變,都需要公民行動。公民行動都需要論述,需要文字的闡述,需要相信筆的力量。<br /><br /> 我希望把我自己反黑箱服貿的這段經驗提供出來,當作個案分析,給大家參考。<br /><br /> ◎<br /><br /> 很多人聽了《如果台灣的四周是海洋》這個書名,都問我:我們的四周不就是海洋嗎?難道不是嗎?<br /><br /> 地理條件上,是。但是在心態和認知上,我們不是。<br /><br /> 各種原因,使得台灣明明在海洋之中,但是卻長期背向海洋;使得我們忘了面對海洋該有的冒險探索,而只固守小農耕作的保守心態;使得我們身處豐饒之中,卻看不清自己的資源,反而一路製造越來越大的破壞,終致深陷困境,甚至絕境。<br /><br /> 不論面對真實的海洋,或是面對心中的海洋,我們都需要重新審視自己、四周、資源、世界,然後在其中找到新的位置和機會。<br /><br /> 今天很多人都在說我們到了一個人人都是媒體的時代。我還要再加一句:今天也到了我們每個人都應該是大推理家,每個人都是N G O(公民行動組織)的時代。<br /><br /> 當個大推理家,我們應該對所有之前累積下來的謎題與難題,不要感到憤怒與恐懼,而是心存感激。<br /><br /> 當個N G O,則要倡導議題,呼喚並聯合大家一起行動。<br /><br /> 所以,如果我們當真認清台灣的四周是海洋,海洋才是我們的生命基因,那我們就要敢於和過去不同,敢於和對岸不同,敢於在險境中開創新的未來,用二十年時間脫離滅亡而新生。<br /><br /> ◎<br /><br /> 狄更斯《雙城記》的開頭,應該是為台灣所寫的。<br /><br /> 的確,這是一個最黑暗的年代。<br /><br /> 但,這也是最光明的年代。<br /><br /> 《易經》的鼎卦,有一句話:「君子以正位凝命」。對這句話,有註解這麼說:正位,是「不使之傾」;凝命,是「不使之渙」。<br /><br /> 在自己的國家可能傾圮,人心可能渙散之際,我們每個人都要行動。正位,不使之傾;凝命,不使之渙。<br /><br /> 當別人只能倚賴明君出世才能解決他們的問題之際,我們卻可以由一個個公民來行動,這是何等豪氣。<br /><br /> 我們應該微笑一下。<br /><br /> 台灣的四周,是海洋。 <br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mylifebits.org/2014/08/blog-post_16.html">想到上海工作嗎?上海工作甘苦談 (上海工作薪資)</a></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-18314507979265787062015-09-22T10:29:00.000+08:002015-09-22T10:29:21.411+08:00薪水始終高不起來、遲遲無法獲得升遷機會?很可能是因為你「沒讀書」!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Wq4n76TL8SDhZ5wd_lL-LD_8EfYZJSry5lsR0nSWWjbvcmTa0462UrOaVepq6nhoM_AxaPIKh2HiXLHfoV-5U96JuHbS8_zZFlBjwOzYuSihgMpnDqm4KWcHTN9wE4493XJm7hMquf4/s1600/150921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Wq4n76TL8SDhZ5wd_lL-LD_8EfYZJSry5lsR0nSWWjbvcmTa0462UrOaVepq6nhoM_AxaPIKh2HiXLHfoV-5U96JuHbS8_zZFlBjwOzYuSihgMpnDqm4KWcHTN9wE4493XJm7hMquf4/s640/150921.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
如果要給現在七、八年級的年輕新世代一個形容詞,最常被提到的大概是「對未來毫無希望感」,許多人共同的體驗都是,國高中每天被壓著補習,背那些堆積如山的參考書,接著拚死與大考奮戰、希望得到更高的分數。好不容易撐過高中、上了大學以後才知道,原來現在大家都已經有高學歷、若只有大學文憑根本無法找到好工作,所以縱使上了大學還是得要繼續背書、補習、準備考研究所(或國家考試),直到研究所即將畢業,才逐漸意識到,職場現實與自己想像中天差地遠,並非像最初所想的那麼美好而順利。另外一個層面,上一代的路只鋪到取得學位就結束,一旦年輕人發現未來根本不是如此的時候,卻也措手不及,只好走一步算一步。<br />
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若說這一代台灣年輕人「沒讀書」,恐怕很多人會跳出來反對,學生時代可以把上萬本教科書背到滾瓜爛熟,怎麼可能沒讀書? 只是多數人回過頭來才發現,雖然讀了上萬本書,很可能任何一本的閱讀動機是「自己想要吸收新知識」。<br />
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主計處最新統計,台灣整體收入水平已經擠進全世界前20名,唯多數年輕世代都「無感」,甚至多數網友都感受到「工作」越來越難找!根據yes123人力銀行公告的數據,目前有超過6成新鮮人仍處待業、無正職工作的狀態,且平均得投遞66封履歷表才能找到一個工作機會,最慘的是,只領到22K以下的新鮮人,就佔了超過三成,至於職場菜鳥的月薪則落在25K的平均水準,整體年輕工作者實質薪資比1997年的收入還低,相當於所得倒退18年。<br />
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在傳統價值觀裡面,獲得文憑就是「就業」與「高薪」的保障,但近年來由於學歷過度膨脹,人人都有文憑的情況下過去那樣的優勢逐漸式微,而最新的一份調查報告指出,職場上平均薪資與職位高低,可能與你「是否有主動讀書」有直接的關聯性!<br />
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根據最新一份由波仕特線上市調公司針對25-45歲上班族進行的線上調查:<br />
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月薪超過50000元以上,有33.3%的上班族中「每天都有閱讀習慣」,明顯高於27.5%月薪低於50000元以下的上班族;此外,「管理階層」上班族裡面,「每周都有閱讀」的就佔了93.8%。顯示在全台上班族裡面,有固定閱讀習慣的人,與那些極少透過閱讀吸收資訊者相比,平均收入確實有差別!<br />
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針對這個現象,國內最大電子書平台Pubu的執行長蔡競賢進一步解釋:「以前大家都是認為單一領域努力鑽研就是獲得競爭力的方法,但到了今天這觀念已經無法適應資訊爆炸的社會,反而變成能夠用最有效率的方式吸收資訊、整理資訊的能力成為薪資高低的關鍵。其實這現象不只是在台灣發生、而是全球皆然。國外有位知名作家Steve Siebold在《富人是怎麼想的?》(How Rich People Think)《富人是怎麼想的?》一書中,花了30年的時間,調查了超過1200位白手起家的大富豪,發現他們幾乎都有個共通點:「一輩子都喜歡閱讀,能夠不斷透過閱讀提升自己的知識」!根據Pubu分析多年來線上書城的閱讀習慣,長期追蹤發現台灣全體註冊用戶裡面,社經地位、職稱越高的使用者,每個月累積閱讀的雜誌數量、頻率是平均值的3倍以上,顯見在這個資訊爆炸的時代,個人的閱讀習慣可能會間接影響個人事業上的成就!<br />
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綜合這些最新的現象,值得讓教育單位深入思考,究竟教育的目的是讓我們致力於追求文憑,亦或是養成終身學習、自主學習的習慣? 哪一項對台灣年輕人在職場上的競爭力才是真正有幫助的呢?</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-56184746127268055152015-09-22T07:51:00.001+08:002015-09-22T08:05:00.303+08:00台北到北京的距離有多遠:台灣「甜美」的這個特質,還能管用多久?路怡珍<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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下午時分,飛機在北京首都機場跑道上滑行。我一手把紅筆圈得亂七八糟的資料塞進包包,一手找台胞證,1%興奮,99%慌亂。我旁邊坐的是伊能靜,她在用微信跟經紀人溝通要不要接活動,好像也找不到東西。我確定我們兩個不是小小機艙裡唯二的台灣人,她在北京有工作,我則是飛來主持TechCrunch的北京站峰會,我看到有更多努力的台商在闔上電腦,拿手機跟當地的夥伴聯繫。</div>
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我希望我接下來可以寫出司機直接載我去Conrad樓頂酒吧這種香豔的細節,但我不能,我不敢,我怕我沒有準備好。TechCrunch是目前全世界報導科技、新創、融資、產業潮流最全面也最領先的媒體。科技圈創業的人會知道,自己的公司如果被TechCrunch報導,這間公司不僅代表了一定的行業指標,也等於是一個公司的里程碑。</div>
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而TechCrunch北京站的嘉賓名單,不論我看了多少次都覺得胸口有一點悶悶的,Google大中華區副總裁,Qualcomm的資深副總裁,500 Startups創建人戴夫.麥克魯爾,Leap Motion執行長麥可.巴克沃德,搜狗執行長王小川,真格基金╱新東方創始人徐小平,《創業的國度》作者索爾.辛格……等,兩整天排得滿滿滿:他們的文化脈絡不同,語言不同,來到這裡的期待也不一樣,要把他們緊密地貫穿起來真的不容易,所以一下飛機,我就直去主辦單位辦公室和他們開會,想抓緊時間準備。 </div>
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*Leap Motion Inc. 是一家製造和銷售電腦硬體感應裝置的公司。類似於滑鼠,其裝置支援利用手掌和手指動作來進行輸入,但無需手部接觸或者觸摸。使用高階的動作感應專利技術進行人機互動。</blockquote>
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第一個讓我驚訝的細節,是主辦團隊非常年輕:10多人,20歲,辦5000人的活動,接待世界各地飛來的科技嘉賓。架網站、拉贊助、設計動畫、公關合作,從零開始,他們挽起袖子就動起來。他們熱愛科技、也愛科技代表的意義,因此一個月來不眠不休。</div>
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台灣認識中國年輕人的這一面嗎?</div>
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我每天看到的新聞,最多的是上海地鐵裡有女生拿鞋子丟人,北京大街上有元配甩小三巴掌,但這種資訊對兩岸競爭究竟有什麼意義?而如果我們的眼睛停留在這裡,要怎麼知道雙方差距有多少?</div>
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我在主辦單位辦公室開會的時候,我感覺到自己心跳很快,那是心虛的心跳,我知道我20歲的時候沒有他們這麼優秀、這麼獨立、這麼能動。幾張桌子併在一起,一間共享辦公室,電腦一開就專注工作。我20歲根本還不知道TechCrunch是什麼。活動辦已經在水準之上,CNN北京分社採訪主任傑米.佛洛克魯茲也看到他們的才能,他在會議結束後親自跟團隊交換名片。</div>
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第二個讓我驚訝的是現場的創業競賽,我看到了無人機Drones的改良,看到視覺搜索特惠價格、手指隔空操作螢幕、智能項鍊記錄你頸椎的健康程度,或10秒鐘完成居家裝潢的設計圖的App等。60多隊的參賽隊伍,有的研發,有的著重服務,想像力和技術遍地開花。當中有許多許多是來自於台灣的新創隊伍,能夠在異鄉看到台灣發亮,實在讓人非常振奮。</div>
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我發現這些團隊創始人非常積極自信,英文再不好,拉著TechCrunch的營運長就直接換名片,抓著Sequoia、紅杉資本、戈壁、Crunchfund的人,在會場走廊都在pitch(投售)。要知道,這是世界頂級的種子基金和創投,名稱講出來都讓我倒抽一口氣,但這些中國年輕人完全「不害怕」,就算他們英文不像美國人、技術還需要時間成熟,但是他們挺直胸膛要讓大家看見。</div>
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這是個尖銳的警訊,因為英文可以變好,技術可以精良,練習就可以,但是這種「稱霸」的野心,卻不是靠練習就能得來的。國際舞台上,一次又一次,台灣人總是相對扭捏、害羞、謙讓,於是乎世界的聚光燈,幾乎全部打在中國年輕人的臉上。</div>
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第三個讓我驚訝的地方,是中國年輕人的底氣。與會有一個嘉賓是中國《今日頭條》的創始人張一鳴,這個新聞聚合的產品能作到估值5億美金,整個業界下巴掉在地上都還沒撿起來,但是訪問他的一個年輕男生,在舞台上多次逼問張一鳴演算法、來源、著作權保護的問題,我在台下看著也在扶著自己的下巴。</div>
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重覆詰問可能不是最好的訪談方式,但是台灣「甜美」的這個特質,還能管用多久?而在訪談專業上,誰能這麼有氣場地問出尖銳的質問呢?更何況考量兩人年紀、資產、頭銜的巨大差異。中國的邏輯是:我絕不自我設限,舞台上我們都是王,就算只有10分鐘,下台之後,你是你5億美元企業的執行長,我回去念我的大學。這個心態,我在每一場訪談都可以看見,而我很佩服。</div>
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科技的重鎮在矽谷,但是我想起來他們常常說,矽谷不是一個地理名稱,是一種心智狀態。</div>
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我在北京看得到他們年輕人獨特的心智:狼性、霸氣、在詭譎的條件中,展現靈活的生存能力。台灣精緻而小眾,從電影到書店到咖啡店到科技領域,處處都是(也只有)小清新,但小清新不是一個能在商場上拚搏的心智狀態,不是拿得上談判桌的堅硬實力。</div>
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我這一代的人,中學國文都讀過〈<a href="http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/twpedia.php?id=7543" target="_blank">我們到柏克萊到底有多遠?</a>〉幾十年來,我們一直重覆地問同一個問題,以前比較的對象是美國,現在比較的對象是中國,我們問的一直都不是物理的距離,我們問的是心理上的差距,我這一次主持完兩天最大的感覺就是,差距巨大而顯著,我們快要來不及了。</div>
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所以,請你站起來,快一點地站起來、走出去,去坐下跟他們一起開會,去比較去問問題,去說話去吵架,去一起趕一篇PowerPoint,去一起合作一起競爭,並且在這個過程當中,扎實地把自己的、屬於台灣的優勢想清楚,用力並持續地發揮出來。不要只看自己的肚臍,不要每天窩在小清新的咖啡廳看韓劇聊八卦,否則就算幾年之後出了速度再快10倍的飛機,我們都到不了北京。</div>
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<span style="font-size: 17px;">http://www.thenewslens.com/post/218010/</span><br />
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寫在之後》趕快想盡辦法站出來!</h3>
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這篇文章在臉書上面發表之後,當天晚上就有許多科技媒體希望能轉載,隔天台灣的《蘋果日報》又刊登了這篇文章,再隔了幾天,各大論壇又自己加工重新編排了這篇文章,配上聳動的標題,在不同的平台和社群媒體上不停分享。</div>
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不難想像,很多人喜歡,也很多人厭惡。而一封封非常尖銳的電子郵件也進入到我的信箱。我安靜了兩個夜晚,一整個白天,還是決定應該要回應。</div>
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一方面我非常開心看到台灣科技圈的熱情,激勵我很多。另一方面,我明白有些人看完文章後,那種憤怒交加的感受,認為當我寫著北京的好,卻忘了台灣的好,我怎麼可以?!但我想說,這不是一個零和加總:一邊的優勢,不代表另一邊劣勢。</div>
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<span style="font-size: 17px;">中國科技業發展快速,其中關鍵因素,就是有台灣經驗的灌注,從聯發科、富士康、鴻海、台積電到趨勢,沒有前輩的知識和實力,中國科技圈不可能起飛得這麼快。我更沒有忘記,Nvidia、Vizio這些台灣公司對於美國的影響。在這個沒有國界的時代,每一個人、每一天,睜開眼睛碰到的每一個科技裝置,裡頭都有台灣的心思和才能。這些,國際上每一個科技領域的玩家,都清楚明白。</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 17px;">而對台灣的創業文化,我更有話要說。多年以前,我生活當中最親密的夥伴,他就在台灣創業。他寫程式、找資金、推銷產品中間的每一步,我都在旁邊睜大眼睛看著。每一次他碰到他學長、我學長,和創業圈的隊伍中間激盪出的談話火花、看到的人才,那種熱度和能量,他跟我都熟悉:我們都很珍惜而且驕傲,而我熱愛他在的產業。多年之後,我們兩個人的生活不在同一個狀態,但透過他,我認識了台灣創業圈蓬勃的生命力,累積了科技圈的知識,對此我永遠感謝。</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 17px;">但是,這一篇文章,不是寫給已經在創業圈拚搏的人看,也不是寫給每一天念茲在茲,希望產品、團隊、市場更好的人看。你們不需要、也不應該浪費時間看我的文章。這篇文章是寫給還在猶豫應不應該站起來,做一些什麼的年輕人看。他可能還在念書,可能剛剛要踏出職場,可能在考慮一個合作的機會,但是他可能還在害怕:我的文章是要說,不要浪費時間害怕了,快,想辦法把自己準備好,我們可以的!這才是寫文章的目的。</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 17px;">作為一個在台灣出生、受教育而成長的台灣人,我能理解大家看待「北京—台北」這種雙邊競爭的緊張。相信我,那種矛盾的感受,當我站在北京會場,拿著麥克風說話的時候,顯得更加激烈。我滿腦子想的都是「這是北京,我是台灣人,我絕不能丟臉。」但我更想說,這種尖銳的感受,不該轉變成謾罵式的評論;它應該要變成別的,應該要轉成台灣最最擅長的:創新、發展和實踐應用,而且該從年輕人開始!這才是雙贏、大家都贏,台灣也能前進的結局。</span><br />
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書籍介紹</h3>
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《<a href="http://www.books.com.tw/exep/assp.php/georgetzeng/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010686522" target="_blank">世界太精采,請你趕快站出來:30世代的勇氣與挑戰</a>》,先覺出版</div>
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作者:路怡珍</div>
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<strong>這世界,從來不缺少美,而是缺少發現。</strong></div>
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最受矚目的新生代財經科技美女主播,<br />
分享紐約、北京、香港、台北的城市工作冒險,<br />
以及屬於30世代的美麗與哀愁。</div>
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<strong>你與夢想,只差了一個腳步的勇氣</strong></div>
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她看見自己的世代,有太多出不去、回不來的苦悶,她懂你的徬徨,懂你偽裝在小確幸裡的大野心,因此,她想帶你看看紐約新創團隊大膽的創意、看看香港連談感情都求快的效率、看看北京年輕人想稱霸世界的底氣。</div>
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然後,希望你能大膽跨出不一樣的一步,在最美麗的年紀,發現最棒的自己。</div>
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更多好書介紹請到版主的網路讀書會:</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;"><b><a href="http://readingdream.blogspot.tw/" style="background-color: #fff2cc;" target="_blank">除了愛情,沒有任何事情像閱讀這樣讓我們覺得遲來的開始也可以如此美好。</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">台北</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">Part 1</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">我們在這裡努力著,希望被全世界看見 </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">台灣,30世代,美麗不少,哀愁更多</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">比起上個世代,我們能動力強, 不斷尋找定義自己的機會, 卻越找越茫然,卻步地望著台灣以外的世界, 最年輕的人,生活在一塊最適合退休的地方……</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">寫這篇文章時,台北氣溫低而濕氣重,我剛播完新聞下來,一邊整理稿子,一邊從臉書訊息上,看到跟我一起從小長大的朋友們,有人剛在維也納發表完大提琴獨奏會、有人從蒙古做完固沙志工正準備回到台灣、有人在北京,幫時尚雜誌封面修李冰冰的第218張照片、還有人為了圓導演夢,泡下今天的第二碗泡麵,好節省一些開銷來拍電影:那是一碗統一肉燥麵,有我們熟悉的藍色包裝,還有我們習慣的廚房的味道……</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">這些,都是我當年一起長大、一起戴帽子排路隊回家、一起第一次看五月天演場會的朋友。坐在教室的那幾年,其實好像不是太久以前,髮型和衣服明明全部都一個樣,還分不出來誰是誰,究竟從哪個時間點開始,生活有這麼大的分岔?</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">生活際遇不同,連講的語言都不再一樣,唯一一個把我們牽繫起來的共同點,就是我們都是出生於台灣、生長在台灣、永遠把台灣當成家的30世代年輕人。我們是那種在張懸拿起巨幅國旗時,內心砰砰跳地震耳欲聾;而在被甘比亞斷交時,會再默默把台灣邦交國複習一遍的年輕人。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">跟上一代年輕人相比,我們足跡走得更遠:19歲第一次在曼徹斯特看到足球賽、22歲生日剛好到了曼谷最潮的夜店、email裡來自波蘭或香港的朋友互相傳的同一個好笑的YouTube連結;在《享受吧!一個人的旅行》中文版尚未問市之前,我們便迫不及待用Kindle電子閱讀器看英文版的《Eat, Pray, Love》;在風行網上搜尋《The Voice》《紙牌屋》和《中國好聲音》;如果有幾分閒錢,腦中浮現的享樂方法,從峇厘島按摩、韓國東大門血拚到紐西蘭高空彈跳……等,都在願望清單。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">我們說台語、英語和剛剛學來的北京腔,書寫時繁體和簡體有時候混著用,真的寫不出字的時候會用注音想辦法拼出來;我們瘋的周杰倫在R&B裡融合著中國古典樂,第一次聽演唱會的主角五月天,在英國BBC作了專訪,被譽為「華人披頭四」—快要30歲,我們的世代,靈活而不斷游移,快速多變,追求自我的自由。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">20幾歲的十年,我們能動力強,不斷在職場上尋找定義自己的機會:轉換生活的城市,改換人際相處的姿態,改變專業跑道,改變情人……在還是20幾歲的時候,這些變動發生得都很自然,因為成本不高,報酬卻很豐厚。只是,忽然在某個不可考的一瞬間,盤據心思的念頭,一下從種種不同的抱負、野心、熱望,轉變成一個又一個,能具體表述出來的憂愁:</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「感覺前途沒有方向感,不知道努力會不會有成果,很灰心。」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「完全不知道自己的生活在三至五年之後會變成什麼模樣。」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「產業衰退狀況嚴重,職位上做著做著很無力。」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「煩惱事業和感情,這個世代要兼顧兩者越來越難。」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「頭上是一群和時代脫鉤的政客,輪到我們當家還要幫他們接爛攤子。」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「財務狀況穩定不下來,無法結婚。」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「不知道要如何擁有一個有意義的生活。」</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">問這些當年一起戴帽子、排路隊回家的朋友,繞了一圈,說來說去,在快要逼近30歲的此時此刻,我們的煩惱有個通同性:對於未來的一大團茫然。全世界的年輕人都這麼茫然嗎?我們深夜酒吧相聚的時候,有這個想問又不敢問的問題。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">我又想到了,剛剛播到的新聞,2015的6月台灣的失業率為3.71%,15年來同月最高,而薪資水準,在扣除物價漲幅之後,回到了民國87年的水準:剛好,那一年,我們國小快畢業,每個人看起來都跟每個人長得一模一樣。當時的我們,知道接下來我們面對的生活挑戰,會這麼嚴峻嗎?</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">這跟在新加坡、在北京、甚至曼谷的年輕人好像不太一樣。在北京,你如果抓到一個剛從北大畢業的年輕人,問他未來十年他的人生會發生什麼事,至少在回答的那一刻,那個北大學生,百分百相信自己會開出一間中國的阿里巴巴來影響全世界。這個夢想,他會直接霸氣地說出來,絲毫不覺得有任何好笑或詭異的地方。事實上全世界也都在看,每年中國高校一口氣會有700萬名畢業生,這當中,還能再產出多少個騰訊、百度、Amazon或是Google?</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">在新加坡同年紀的朋友,享受相對國際化的生活環境外,政府對於房產的規畫,也讓年輕人買第一套房的壓力不會那麼大。最新「保障房」的規畫,讓家庭月入在1000新元(約24,000新台幣)左右的上班族,也盡可能可以置業安居。我們聽不太到「因為賺一輩子的錢也買不起房子,所以乾脆留在家」的案例。新加坡年輕人的潮流是,把西裝熨得筆直的上班去,認真工作,也認真玩樂。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">台灣呢?</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">而的確,台灣30世代,我們接觸越來越多來自於國外的刺激。所以我們留學、交換、外派,想方設法有更多與國際接軌的經驗。在機場登機門旁邊等待的時間,可能已經跟在家裡客廳的時間差不多了。殊不知,生活在台灣時,目光放在地球儀的另外一端,但好不容易到了異地,又會難為情地頻頻想起家鄉。這一瞬間,我們記得了外面的好,另一瞬間,我們又記起了外面的不好:生活永遠在他方。台灣轉變成一座圍城:裡頭的人想出來,外面的人想進去。兩邊的人,都不快樂。矛盾互相傾軋,學校沒有教這是什麼「感覺」、每個聯考機器並沒有被訓練如何應對這種情況,30歲的我們,太多問號,變得敏感纖細而不敢言說。於是在迷惑和沒有方向感的生活下,轉而追求小確幸。常常忘我地討論一集《康熙來了》,或是咖啡的溫度,或是檸檬與糖的比例,畢竟龐大的茫然與焦慮並不好征服,小確幸容易掌握多了。最年輕的人,生活在一塊最適合退休的地方。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">不敢言說,這個代價是:30歲的我們,聲音雜亂但沒有信仰和論述,沒有前後文,也沒有對照組;代價是,屬於台灣年輕世代的個性,那些我們引以為傲的開放的能動力,逐漸顯得輕薄、散漫而失重。而年輕族群一旦遭到攻擊,心理焦躁感越大,八卦漫罵和批評的聲音就越大,惡性循環,雪球越滾越髒。當想及,現在30世代的年輕人,心中有著這麼多無法解釋、可能一時之間也無法解釋的矛盾情緒,那接下來台灣的面貌,究竟會變成什麼模樣?如果再去比較,在新加坡、曼谷、北京的這一世代的年輕人,跟我們一樣年紀,卻帶著他們的篤定、樂觀、和信心繼續成長,那他們帶領起來的國家與城市,又會和台灣形成多大差距呢……我們心慌著面對向前來的劇烈挑戰,我們憂心哀愁。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">但同一時間,問題其實是一個立體的球面,不是「台灣vs.世界」的兩極,而是「把世界帶來台灣,並從台灣看到世界」。無論是政府或是民間,都做了許多努力—有20歲的年輕男子在柴可夫斯基小提琴音樂大賽中奪牌,得主感謝一直低調贊助他的企業;觀光局邀請男神木村拓哉來台拍攝觀光影片,當世界頂級設計雜誌《Monocle》推出的時候,政府就曾經安排他們和台灣接軌,專文介紹台灣的人文、景色、美食。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">說到紊亂的媒體現象,天下雜誌財經記者創辦的《換日線Crossing》,集結海外有著豐沛故事的才子佳人,聊生活、聊價值、聊國外工作選擇除了MBA和外商總經理,還有什麼別的。有人從哲學系畢業一路做到了國際銀行副總、哈佛高材生不當醫生而到了紐約麥肯錫打拚公共政策,只因為他心中想著台灣、想回台灣找防疫和健保補救。我們都是媒體人,我們都在一個被抨擊弱智的生態圈下日復日工作,理當對這個環境更喪志、更悲觀,但悲觀很容易,「做些什麼」是一個更難的選擇。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">這樣的例子,我還可以再講出10個、20個……台灣就是這樣,可能所有的藝人都去中國大陸做實境節目了(也把髮妝師帶去了),但空閒的時候,一定還是在聊台灣的好,一定還在想念著台灣。想起台灣的美麗,同時想起台灣的哀愁。大家同時都沒有放棄,都正在找美麗與哀愁的解答。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">包括我,我的朋友、同儕,都快要30歲了,馬上台灣就是我們要負責的。我看著你、你們、身邊的每一個人:結婚、升遷、照顧家人、發展事業,重心千千百百種,唯一一種不變的,就是我們愛這片讓我們長大的土地,心裡知道她的好沒有人能替代。這片土地把我們養大,而我們每一個人,都有責任,做些比自己還更重要的事。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「你跟你的事業一樣偉大;跟你的夢想一樣年輕」,我們一起做些什麼。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">北京</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">Part 2</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">不自我設限的底氣</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">你不知道Google培養接班人的秘方</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">在年輕人最渴望學習、渴望實際經驗的時候, Google給他們最需要的:大量的國際刺激和交流經驗。 這些人,只要有20%還留在Google裡面, 就是值得的投資;但就算80%的人外流, 他們也一定有人創出一個最後被Google買走的公司……</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">「如果有什麼人可以贏得過我或布林或佩吉,那個人,應該在這一群人當中。」很難相像,這句話竟然是從Google的執行董事艾瑞克.史密特嘴中說出。而他口中所說的、可能會贏過他的「這一群人」,指的是Google從2002年開始執行的APM計畫(專案經理助理)所篩選出來的菁英。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">這個APM的概念,是由現任創新工廠執行長、前Google亞太區總裁李開復在一次晚餐會告訴我的。他說他還在北京的時候,就幫著當時的Google副執行長梅莉莎.梅爾(Marissa Mayer)跟她所帶領的APM們交流。我們常常在討論要有更好的年輕人再教育,找出下一世代有為、有想像力的人才,或許Google的做法能夠有些啟發。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">APM計畫是什麼呢?它的概念相當簡單,每年Google會選出20個最有發展潛力、幾乎是才剛畢業的年輕人,立刻安排他們每人負責一條重要的Google產品線,從Gmail、AdWords到Maps……等。此外,安排每人和一位有經驗的、資深的經理人配對,這些經理人就成為APM們可以請益解惑的導師,而這些導師也監督APM們的發展。目標是讓他們於兩年時間內,在全球各個城市盡量地實地考察或是職務輪調,從國際市場第一手直接學習。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">這些APM有的「血統純正」,加州長大、史丹佛電機系畢業、大學就開始自己創業;也有的沒有科技背景,李開復回憶,一位26歲剛從柏克萊政治系畢業的女生,就是他看到的APM成員之一。APM共同有的幾個特色,一是年輕,22至27歲,可塑性極高。二是他們非常、非常的積極、充滿好奇,而且主動學習,根本停不下來。「停不下來」是梅爾最常形容APM的字眼,並且還說過,就是因為停不下來,APM跟布林和佩吉「有著同樣的基因」。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">訓練APM們最重要的一環,就是讓他們在兩年內到不同的城市和國家,直接了解當地市場的需求:他們在印度班加羅爾跟一群日出而作、日落而息,必須長時間照顧作物的農夫聊天,試圖理解在當地文化下,什麼服務是真正被需要的。有一天,這群APM被分組,每組人拿到100美元,功課是在限時內盡可能買到整座城市最古怪的電子商品,他們還被要求要跟當地的商人殺價,有人竟然買回得用USB充電的電子菸灰缸;他們去東京六本木、以色列特拉維夫,當然他們來到了北京,試圖理解中國的互聯網生態。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">有一次,李開復和梅爾一起接待APM,16天的時間,APM們已經走訪了4個不同的城市,當中還有一位美國《新聞週刊》的專欄作家史帝芬.李維隨行記錄報導。梅爾親自負責行程規畫,她希望每一次會議、活動、對話都是設計精良、饒富意義,不能浪費,連調時差睡覺的時間都不可以有。有一天晚上,在吃完烤鴨後,梅爾跟APM說:「現在,你們只有兩個選擇,可以去當地的夜店跳舞,或選擇陪伴我跟開復一起喝茶。就這兩個,回去飯店房間睡覺不是一個選項。」大部分的APM後來都跟著一起喝茶,不過其中有幾位,在茶上來之前就先打了瞌睡。還有一年,李開復跟APM晚餐的形式是,李開復發表了10分鐘的講話之後,就要到每桌回答APM的問題,每個APM都可以問問題,但每上一道新的菜,李開復就要換到下一桌,回答別人的。那一天晚上李開復回答了快60個問題,菜倒是沒吃到一口。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">APM的行程也包含遊戲和親身體驗。李開復曾經被要求過要請每一位Google北京的員工,一人帶著一個APM到一個「特別」的家庭裡用晚餐。這種特別的家庭可能是:全家人都沒有用電腦的習慣,根本不了解什麼是「互聯網」;或是另一種極端,全家都是競爭對手公司產品的死忠擁護者,在這些情境裡頭,要怎麼進行晚餐是很特別的考驗。還有一次,APM們一人拿到1000元人民幣,全部被丟到中關村,看看他們在限時之內能買到什麼「寶物」,誰最會殺價等。有人竟然買到了山寨版的迷你小iPhone,大小是iPhone4的一半;也有人買到了手機投影機,只要帶著手機,影像就可以被投射出來。對APM來說,最真實的學習,發生在這些最真實的互動和談話中間。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">值得一提的是,讓APM親自到不同國家,重點就是要了解不同文化,因此策略上,可以完全不用同意,甚至推翻總部的規定。例如,總公司政策是不允許上電視推銷產品、刺激流量,總公司認為要做,就要在互聯網的渠道做,針對鎖定的目標觀眾傳播。但是當時中國的實際狀況是,知識分子少,草根群眾多,大眾還是透過看電視來獲得資訊,因此行銷如果從互聯網開始做,效果反而不大。李開復為了證明這件事,還特地組了一隊「Google精英隊」,上了湖南衛視的一個紅牌節目《天天向上》,這是一個在中國非常受歡迎,討論禮儀和輕鬆話題的綜藝節目,台灣藝人歐弟還是主持人。李開復希望能夠用新的方法拓展品牌印象,後來事實證明刺激出巨大的流量。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">即便是李開復離開Google之後,梅爾還是常常要他跟APM說話,李開復發現他們感情也變得非常緊密,這對公司、對他們自己的人生,都是十分有助益的事情。這些年輕APM,不一定每個人都會在計畫結束後五年還待在Google。但是透過這樣的計畫,在年輕人最渴望學習、渴望實際經驗的時候,Google給他們最需要的:大量的國際刺激和交流經驗,並且透過信任的放權,讓他們一畢業就挑起重擔,擔任重要產品團隊的經理人,這等於又給了他們實戰經驗。各方各面都訓練他們迅速成為領導者。這些人,有人後來帶領發布了Google Maps,有人後來帶領價值數百萬美金的AdWords再創下新高,成績斐然。梅爾當時跟我說過,APM只要有20%還留在Google裡面,對Google來說就是好事,但就算80%的人外流,他們也一定有人創出一個最後被Google買走的公司。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 25.2000007629395px;">整個計畫的設計,放在今天來看,還是非常具有前瞻性。我們為什麼要大量的跟國際接軌?為什麼要盡可能走出去?因為這是我們最快貼近市場脈動、同時自我發展的捷徑。最聰明的畢業生在進入Google後被這麼訓練,是有它的原因的。整個APM計畫的負責人傑夫.佛格森說過:「到現在,只要給我五秒鐘,我就知道申請者是不是一塊APM的料。」他只要五秒鐘,就能判別一個年輕人有沒有可塑性、積極度,以及適當的心理素質能自我成長,最終才有潛力成為偉大的領導者,進而改變世界。而這種人,就是艾瑞克.史密特說的「可能會贏過他的人」。期待各行業、各國家都能從APM的計畫當中學習取經,讓下一世代的明星遍地開花。</span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-55860511084861833942015-09-19T09:26:00.000+08:002015-09-19T09:26:36.040+08:00費茲傑羅:一個打敗了時間卻沒戰勝自己的作家(大亨小傳的作者)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPjIOIAYmKygT8G8_5g4Hal8WoleycX6IiJrn5CZVsqm0BiX0eySpKvhaRPHGGn3NTRT8pWW2rg2neexTcROr9LvtLRbftFJOrGHS5BMBGbr8rqmBEBEKy7EmqxRaxOBjLHapaOoLDhTg/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPjIOIAYmKygT8G8_5g4Hal8WoleycX6IiJrn5CZVsqm0BiX0eySpKvhaRPHGGn3NTRT8pWW2rg2neexTcROr9LvtLRbftFJOrGHS5BMBGbr8rqmBEBEKy7EmqxRaxOBjLHapaOoLDhTg/s400/images.jpeg" width="266" /></a></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">寫作《崩潰》時,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的太太澤爾達被送進了精神病院,此時距離讓他一舉成名的《人間天堂》的發表已經過去了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">15</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年;他最著名的小說《了不起的蓋茨比》也已經發表了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">10</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年,這些書沒有帶給</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">所想的那種巨大成功。他處在他的危機中。</span></div>
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<strong><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《崩潰》是</span></strong><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><strong><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">創作的一部自傳性隨筆集。這是作者一系列自我剖析、自我反省的散文。</span></strong><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1935</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">11</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">月,了不起的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">為了躲避巴爾的摩的冬天(或許還有債務),跑到北卡羅萊納州的一家客棧租了一個便宜的單間。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">用他自己的話說,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一個備受困擾、無比沮喪的夜晚,我卷起一箱行李,跋涉千里之外,好讓自己想個明白。我在一個邋邋遢遢的、誰也不認識我的鎮子上開了個一美元一晚的房間,把我的鈔票統統埋進隨身帶來的一堆肉罐頭、餅乾和蘋果裡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg-8y2hBnPjGYms7JATYZdrWSWUlaKMAMhilnoAwG6ff2S52RnMV5sKMsPWkazfA32dB674jL4o1yozEB8vqUfXaofrri58tpBIPRFjlHV0FFj38FMoSA8SHz-PDWrww5uczifTva9-z4/s1600/20150806170141_59869.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg-8y2hBnPjGYms7JATYZdrWSWUlaKMAMhilnoAwG6ff2S52RnMV5sKMsPWkazfA32dB674jL4o1yozEB8vqUfXaofrri58tpBIPRFjlHV0FFj38FMoSA8SHz-PDWrww5uczifTva9-z4/s400/20150806170141_59869.jpg" width="250" /></a></div>
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">接受了兩年前創辦了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Esquire</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雜誌的阿諾德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">金理奇的邀請,要為這本雜誌撰寫一篇回憶性的文章。因為手頭缺錢,他想要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Esquire</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">向他預支一筆稿</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">費,但金理奇拒絕了。金理奇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">建議他什麼都別想</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">……</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">要是實在不能心無旁騖,那就反復抄同樣幾句話,抄上個十頁八頁,比如說我沒法給《星期六晚郵報》寫風花</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雪月的文章啦。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《星期六</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">晚郵報》一直是</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">發表短篇小說的主要出版物。在他的長篇小說的版稅再也難以負擔起他和妻子的奢華生活時,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">會給包括《星期六晚郵報》在內</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的報紙雜誌撰寫短篇小說,獲取不菲收入。但是包括他的編輯麥克斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">珀金斯在內的很多人,顯然都認為這是他在肆意浪費自己的才華</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">—</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">使用聰明才智去交換暫時的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">金錢利益。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">最終</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Esquire</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">寫就了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">3</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">篇文章:《崩潰》《拼接碎片》和《小心輕放》。它們發表在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Esquire
1936</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">3</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">期雜誌上。正是在《崩潰》中,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">寫出了那句後來被廣為引用的話:測試智力是否一流,就要看頭腦在同時容納兩種相反意見的情況下是否</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">仍能運轉。比如說,你既能看清事情已經毫無希望,卻又打定主意要改變這種局面。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">寫</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">作《崩潰》時,他終其一生都愛之入骨的太太澤爾達被送進了精神病院,此時距離讓他一舉成名的《人間天堂》的發表已經過去了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">15</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年;他最著名的小說《了不起</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的蓋茨比》也已經發表了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">10</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年,這本書贏得了包括歐尼斯特</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">海明威在內的人的一片贊許,但卻沒有帶給</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">所想的那種巨大成功。</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1934</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年他出版了《夜色溫柔》,儘管這本書後來也備受讚譽,但同樣沒能幫助他走出經濟困境。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">為</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">了解決個人的經濟危機,他開始為好萊塢撰寫劇本,但他在本質上又看不起好萊塢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">我眼看著小說</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">—</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在我日臻成熟時它曾是人與人之間表情達意的最強大最聽話的</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">媒介,如今卻已乖乖地聽命於機械的、集體公有的藝術,無論在好萊塢商人麾下,還是在俄國理想主義者手中,它都只能反映最陳腐的思想和最膚淺的情感,它成了</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">這樣一種藝術:文字臣服於圖像,個性則被磨蝕殆盡,好適應那難免效率低下的合作形式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">當我眼睜睜地看著書面文字的力量臣服於另一種力量,一種更閃閃發</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">光、更粗俗濫造的力量時,一種痛心疾首、遭人侮蔑的感覺油然而生,揮之不去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">……”</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在好萊塢的這段經歷,除了經濟收入的增加之外,他最大的收穫是一本名叫《末代大亨的情緣》的未完成小說。提一句花絮,後來,在史蒂夫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">約伯斯的生日上,約伯斯的一個朋友將此書的一個初印版送給了這位矽谷大亨。</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在《崩潰》系列文章中,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">以讓人吃驚的方式袒露著自己的內心。儘管他的眾多短篇小說,比如《了不起的蓋茨比》和《夜色溫柔》都被人們認為帶有自傳色彩,但這種袒露仍然讓人感到震驚。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在這些小說中,最迷人和最受歡迎的題材全都是關於一個年輕人如何毀掉自己的過程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">—</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在《崩潰》的一開頭,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">就說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">毫無疑問,所有的人生都是一個垮掉的過程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他描述自己如何情感破產。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">我發覺我已經有好久不曾喜歡過什麼人什麼東西了,只是跟著別人老氣橫秋裝腔作勢地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">‘</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">喜歡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">’</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">。我發覺即便是對我曾經的至愛,如今也成了一種</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">‘</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">試圖去愛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">’</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的努力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他失眠,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">憎恨夜晚,因為晚上我睡不著,也憎恨白天,因為白天之後就是晚上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他說自己是一張拉得過滿的弓,是兩頭同時燃燒的蠟燭。</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他失去自我,這感覺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">就像一個小男孩被獨自扔在一棟大房子裡,此時他明明知道自己想幹什麼就能幹什麼,卻發覺他已經沒有一件想幹的事了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">。他困惑,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">那個在不知不覺間讓我的熱情和精力過早地不斷流失的漏洞,究竟在哪裡?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"></span><br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">《崩潰》的發表帶給他的除了稿費,還有責難。《美國三部曲》和《曼哈頓中轉站》的作者約翰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">多斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">帕索斯對他說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">如果不想好好寫點原創的東西,你幹嘛不去當個記者呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">……</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">你應該寫出一部一流小說來,而不是將一堆零碎交給阿諾德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">金理奇。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年輕時在巴黎還將</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">視做一個文學前輩的海明威開他的玩笑,建議說自己可以安排人在古巴殺死</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">,這樣他的妻子和女兒可以拿到保險金,而他,海明威,在世的最受歡迎的美國作家,會為</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">寫一篇訃告。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">海明威和</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的嘴仗通過他們的作品延續。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">也認為《乞力馬札羅的雪》是海明威最優秀的短篇小說之一,但是他頗為厭惡地發覺,這篇小說,像是對他的《崩潰》的回應。</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">他給海明威寫信說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">出書時請別提我。如果我什麼時候選擇寫《懺悔詩》,也並不意味著我想要朋友們圍著我的屍體高聲祈禱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">海明威則對他們共同的編輯珀金斯說,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">一直在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Esquire</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">雜誌上自我爆料,但是只要自己一指責</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">所說的崩潰,後者就受不了了。</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">作家的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">崩潰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">並沒有持續多久,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">4</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年之後,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1940</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年耶誕節前,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">剛剛寫完《末代大亨的情緣》的前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">6</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">章,突然發作的心臟病剝奪了他完成這部傑作的可能性。他過世了。</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">如果</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">當
時知道,《了不起的蓋茨比》在未來會一再被好萊塢搬上大螢幕,最近的一次由好萊塢最炙手可熱的男星迪卡普里奧去扮演蓋茨比,他一定會再次感到奇妙。像歷史
一再發生的那樣,去世之後,他得到了公眾和名利場對他作品的更多認可。《了不起的蓋茨比》和《夜色溫柔》紛紛進入各種最佳小說的榜單,包括</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">
</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">村上春樹在內的後世作家視他為文學上的導師。</span><br />
<br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<a href="http://www.mylifebits.org/2012/06/great-gatsby-2012.html" target="_blank">大亨小傳 The Great GATSBY 一部關於愛與夢想的經典小說、電影新版(大亨小傳 3D) 由李奧納多主演。(2012年最期待的改編電影) 大亨小傳 主題曲 Lana Del Rey- Young and Beautiful 歌詞 </a></h3>
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">迪卡普里奧扮演了蓋茨比,此前,布拉德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">·</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">皮特已經出演了由他的短篇小說《返老還童》改編的電影。超級巨星們紛紛擁抱</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">。而在我看來,他最應該改編成電影的小說《一顆像裡茲飯店那麼大的鑽石》還沒有登上大銀幕。</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">對於一名寫作者而言,最高的獎賞莫過於打敗時間,在數十年甚至上百年後,仍然有人在讀他的作品,受到他的啟發。</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">無疑做到了,無論在他活著時這些作品的商業成績和被認可程度如何。</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">我想寫一些令人驚恐、無法模仿的場景</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">……</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">我領先足夠多,如果能保持健康,就能略有不朽之成就。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">在</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">去世之後發現的他的筆記中,作家這樣描述他正在寫的《末代大亨的情緣》。只是這一次,他沒有機會將這種領先局面擴大成不可超越的優勢了。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">費茲傑羅</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">是著名美國小說家,從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1920</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年開始創作,以《人間天堂》一舉成名。他的小說生動地反映了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">1920</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">年代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">美國夢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的破滅,展示了大蕭條時期美國上層社會</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">“</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">荒原時代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">”</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的精神面貌。</span><br />
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><a href="http://www.cbnweek.com/v/article?id=20458" target="_blank">http://www.cbnweek.com/v/article?id=20458 </a></span><br />
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<b>法蘭西斯·史考特·基·費茲傑羅</b>(<span class="LangWithName">英語:<span lang="en"><b>Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald</b></span></span>,1896年9月24日-1940年12月21日),<span style="border-bottom-style: dashed; border-color: #007AC4; border-width: 1px;" title="模板((地區用詞))出錯,現已不再使用。
您所看到的添加了下劃線的句子可能並非理想的顯示結果。">中國大陸譯作<b>菲茨傑拉德</b>,港澳譯作<b>費茨傑羅</b></span>,簡稱<b>史考特·費茲傑羅</b>,是一位美國長篇小說、短篇小說作家,也是20世紀最偉大的美國作家之一。費茲傑羅的中間名史考特是來自於遠親佛蘭西斯(Francis Scott Key),他是一位著名的律師 。費茲傑羅的妹妹路易絲·史考特(於出生不久後去世)也是根據他的名字來命名。<br />
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法蘭西斯·史考特·基·費茲傑羅最著名的小說為《大亨小傳》,此書堪稱美國社會縮影的經典代表,描述1920年代美國人在歌舞昇平中空虛、享樂、矛盾的精
神與思想。費滋傑羅一生為兩樣東西所困:一是才華,一是金錢,他都曾一度擁有,最後又全部失去。他死的時候,評論家都批評他生活腐化、自暴自棄,所以短
壽,浪費了自己的才華。費滋傑羅一生總共寫了4部長篇小說,150篇短篇小說。<br />
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<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E8%8C%A8%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" target="_blank">https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E8%8C%A8%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7
</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-36185611753474274582015-08-28T07:32:00.000+08:002015-08-28T07:32:15.299+08:00比爾蓋茲的夏日書單,這次終於能帶去沙灘了!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-AakcsexPIdfgaO7HZ7oobA9LcpCg_kwQGUchBWmp2OuELuUO_0MrOJ4G9Ch_tA7HOtIYRM1wFRIW5sLVqytxizflhQ-EQS_KI4r8SZvBEoqqKHlUf4iVsOO-Elxd2TA0qmj1IcAV-kI/s1600/%25E6%25AF%2594%25E7%2588%25BE%25E8%2593%258B%25E8%258C%25B2%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25A4%258F%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259B%25B8%25E5%2596%25AE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2580%2599%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E7%25B5%2582%25E6%2596%25BC%25E8%2583%25BD%25E5%25B8%25B6%25E5%258E%25BB%25E6%25B2%2599%25E7%2581%2598%25E4%25BA%2586.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-AakcsexPIdfgaO7HZ7oobA9LcpCg_kwQGUchBWmp2OuELuUO_0MrOJ4G9Ch_tA7HOtIYRM1wFRIW5sLVqytxizflhQ-EQS_KI4r8SZvBEoqqKHlUf4iVsOO-Elxd2TA0qmj1IcAV-kI/s400/%25E6%25AF%2594%25E7%2588%25BE%25E8%2593%258B%25E8%258C%25B2%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%25A4%258F%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259B%25B8%25E5%2596%25AE%25EF%25BC%258C%25E9%2580%2599%25E6%25AC%25A1%25E7%25B5%2582%25E6%2596%25BC%25E8%2583%25BD%25E5%25B8%25B6%25E5%258E%25BB%25E6%25B2%2599%25E7%2581%2598%25E4%25BA%2586.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">每到暑假,微軟創辦人比爾‧蓋茲(<span lang="ZH-TW">Bill Gates</span>)總會分享一張夏日閱讀清單,今年也不例外。他自嘲說,去年開的書單,適合帶去沙灘悠閒閱讀的只有一本,其他都太嚴肅,今年,他保證選些輕鬆好讀的書目,這些「可愛的書」,或引發他思考,或逗他大笑,甚至兩者兼具。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">布洛許從<span lang="ZH-TW">
2009 </span>年開啟部落格<span lang="ZH-TW"> Hyperbole and a Half</span>, 累積超過<span lang="ZH-TW"> 1.5 </span>億人次點閱。她用精妙爆笑的短文,配上漫畫,描述青春洋溢的生活。作家提到的種種冒險,其實都沒發生,全部只在她腦海裡上演,可以讀到正常人怯於公開的內
心話。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這本幽默搞笑的小書,比爾蓋茲三小時就可以讀完,但書好笑又很睿智,他很希望可以讀久一點,他讀這本書的時候,頻頻打擾老婆,忍不住把捧腹大笑的章
節,朗讀給老婆梅琳達(<span lang="ZH-TW">Melinda</span>)聽。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作者:艾莉‧布洛許(<span lang="ZH-TW">Allie Brosh</span>)/出版社:天下文化<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《真實世界的神奇魔力》(暫譯,原名為:<span lang="ZH-TW">The Magic of Reality</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">道金斯是哈佛大學演化生物學家,他的才能是把科學變得有意思。這本書就跟福斯電視台的科普影集宇宙(<span lang="ZH-TW">Cosmos</span>)一樣,老少咸宜,是一本引人入勝 又繪圖精美的科學教科書,針對許多大哉問,提供有說服力的答案,像是宇宙如何形成、地震是怎麼產生?適合充滿求知慾和好奇心的讀者。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">比爾蓋茲補充說,雖然道金斯對宗教敵對的態度,招來抨擊,但他絕對是有史以來最棒的科學作家。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作家:理查‧道金斯(<span lang="ZH-TW">Richard Dawkins</span>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這本書的副標題叫做「胡思亂想的搞怪趣問 正經認真的科學妙答」,恰好點出書的內容。鄉民上<span lang="ZH-TW"> XKCD </span>網站,丟給作者門羅一堆天馬行空的科學怪問題,範圍涵蓋物理學、化學、生物學等,門羅用搞笑幽默的解釋回應,但是,答案背後卻有正確的科學論述。閱讀這本書就是享受娛樂,但同時又能學到很多東西,像是彈道學、<span lang="ZH-TW">DNA</span>、海洋、大氣、光等。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作家:蘭德爾‧門羅(<span lang="ZH-TW">Randall Munroe</span>)/出版社:天下文化<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這本書是從門羅的<span lang="ZH-TW"> XKCD </span>部落格摘錄出來的貼文,內容是門羅畫的搞笑漫畫,大多數關於科學家和電腦等等,但也有很多其他主題。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《免疫力》(暫譯,原名為:<span lang="ZH-TW">On Immunity</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">比爾蓋茲說:「她是文筆很好的作家,我很希望自己能夠寫出跟她一樣好的文章。」<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作家:尤拉‧比思(<span lang="ZH-TW">Eula Biss</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《別讓統計數字騙了你》(<span lang="ZH-TW">How to Lie With Statistics</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">比爾蓋茲是從《華爾街日報》一份給投資人的閱讀書單,看到這本書。這本書既簡單又好讀,是解讀統計資訊很好用的工具書,他向週遭朋友推薦之外,還在今年給<span lang="ZH-TW"> TED </span>的書單也推薦這本書,現在又推薦一次。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這本書不是新書,它最早在<span lang="ZH-TW"> 1954 </span>年出版,書中是有些不合時宜的例子,畢竟當時美國麵包才五分錢,但內容一點也不古板。比爾蓋茲說,裡面有一章節特別說明,圖表資訊如何透過視覺來呈現誇張
的趨勢,給歪曲的對比,在臉書、推特愛餵給我們圖表資訊的時代,是最貼切的提醒。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作家:赫夫(<span lang="ZH-TW">Darrell
Huff</span>)/出版社:天下文化<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《我們應該吃肉嗎?》(暫譯,原名為:<span lang="ZH-TW">Should We Eat Meat?</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">斯米爾是比爾蓋茲喜歡的作家之一,學識淵博的斯米爾,探討的主題從能源、環境到肉品飲食,擅長以扎實的統計數字和具有歷史縱深的論述,來爬梳問題。比爾蓋茲在書介影片還特別秀出書中文字,為讀者劃線說:「讀斯米爾,你一定可以得到一些數字。」斯米爾用數字來提供論據。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">比爾蓋茲說:「斯米爾以他慣常透視全貌的清晰觀點,探討的課題從人類演化的肉品角色,到虐待動物難題」,結論是人們能少吃肉最好。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不過,比爾蓋茲沒有因為看完這本書,就採取吃素救地球的作法,他認為,不應該預期人們會大量減少肉品消費,而是應該要從農業改革著手,包括提高農業生產量,發展肉類替代品,幫助世界達到對肉品的需求。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作者:斯米爾(<span lang="ZH-TW">Vaclav
Smil</span>)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">備註:點書名可以看到比爾蓋茲對每本書的讀後心得。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://buzzorange.com/2015/06/02/billgates-booklist/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-834426884812326470.post-43329857934021274962015-08-28T07:27:00.000+08:002015-08-28T07:27:10.779+08:00富二代通常沒出息?看北野武大叔怎麼說?北野武新作《超思考》<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqNbA2I1fFDHn70VjmU26WaNwK5uAYgO2IZAdaSwFnGDlCWaHiaercuP5mVfw2-EpzEliaRiWm4GwsOfjrIxGBEDA-3Ycvq76dMJIhVtl6vjKjqQYsxxEQGgzwShyLIXq1GCQtDvjK67A/s1600/%25E5%258C%2597%25E9%2587%258E%25E6%25AD%25A6%25E8%25B6%2585%25E6%2580%259D%25E8%2580%2583.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqNbA2I1fFDHn70VjmU26WaNwK5uAYgO2IZAdaSwFnGDlCWaHiaercuP5mVfw2-EpzEliaRiWm4GwsOfjrIxGBEDA-3Ycvq76dMJIhVtl6vjKjqQYsxxEQGgzwShyLIXq1GCQtDvjK67A/s400/%25E5%258C%2597%25E9%2587%258E%25E6%25AD%25A6%25E8%25B6%2585%25E6%2580%259D%25E8%2580%2583.jpg" width="281" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人是任性的生物,自己喜歡奢侈卻批評別人奢侈,全世界的有錢人都明白這點,所以不會大喊:「錢是自己賺,奢侈無罪!」而是偷偷摸摸地奢侈。日本暢銷作家北野武卻反其道而行,以奢侈聞名,但本質上,他真是奢侈的人嗎?北野武這個人只是知道很多有趣的花錢方法,這或許就是他成功的祕密。(以下為第一人稱)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我總認為人死不能留財,當然多少還是會留一點,但不想留到子子孫孫都夠用,因為天生不缺錢的環境對孩子沒好處。日本有句俗話說:「長輩不留好田是兒孫之福。」意思就是富二代通常沒出息。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">其實我也沒資格講別人。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為什麼富二代通常沒出息<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我家是妻管嚴,不肯讓小孩浪費錢,連駕照都不讓小孩考,明明教育這麼嚴謹,我家小孩依然沒什麼出息。該怎麼說好呢?我家小孩不是壞,但是我希望他們更有活力一點,可是他們從來不說想要車子還是什麼東西,沒什麼慾望。因為他們從小就沒有飢渴的經驗,我家小孩不准奢侈,但是想吃什麼都有得吃,難怪也沒有特別想吃什麼。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我小時候想吃好多東西,總想著哪天要吃蛋糕吃到飽,吃鰻魚吃到飽,就因為很多東西吃不到,慾望也特別強。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我家小孩沒有輸入這種慾望,應該也不會想找什麼了不起的工作,他們應該還算努力打拼,但是看在我這個老爸眼裡就是淡泊名利,沒有慾望。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">話說回來,我想不是我家小孩沒慾望,而是現代年輕人基本特色就是沒慾望,就是所謂的草食系,不夠飢渴。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">大家說日本社會有貧富差距,為什麼大家反而不那麼飢渴?有人說是因為社會富足了,我認為原因不只如此,畢卡索成了大富翁之後還是不減創作慾望,也不會因為貧窮就比較衝動。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我認為民眾少了飢渴的真正原因,是社會把金錢當成唯一的價值。回顧歷史,肯定找不到哪個年代比現在更重視金錢。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這個時代就連生存的喜悅都能換算成金錢,日本俗話說:「武士沒飯吃也要嚼牙籤裝飽。」這現在已經行不通。我家以前很窮,但是從來不讓我們小孩子覺得窮是一件慘事。不會為了吃東西而去排隊;看到人家東西賣得超便宜但瞧不起客人,就絕對不去買。老媽教導我們,人的價值不能以金錢來衡量。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如果我沒有這樣的老媽,又出生在這個年代,我一定會去熱門拉麵店排第一個,然後一手一支手機猛傳簡訊。說真的,我現在看到路邊有人排隊,還真有股衝動想去跟著排,但老媽的教誨造成我的心靈創傷,想排也走不過去,我覺得這樣真好。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">你能不能教導別人,人生還有金錢之外的喜樂?<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">錢真的很方便,難怪大家都搶著要,我想我老媽肯定也想要錢,只是覺得表現出來很丟臉。錢或許很重要,但人類還有比錢更重要的東西,比方說榮譽或堅持,而當今世人已經完全拋棄了這些東西。我感覺現代人寧願損人也要利己,只要自己有好處就行。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所以人們只能在金錢上找到價值,我認為排隊就是<span lang="ZH-TW"> M </span>型化社會為窮人所想出來的廉價小確幸,排上一、兩個小時才吃到一碗拉麵,感覺有點微小的幸福,這樣就能滿足每天的生活,自然不會有更強的慾望。大家只要看看名牌包拍賣會的景象就知道,當大家你推我擠,拼命追求小確幸,就會忘記自己成了社會的牲畜。可是一定有人看了這種影像,而躲在角落裡竊笑。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">總之,包括我自己在內,全世界都被虛偽不實的奢侈給欺騙了。人類的慾望被替換成單純的消費,例如買名牌、吃熱門拉麵、買跑車,其中的核心思維就是有錢什麼都能買,能買就是幸福。這個思維讓我們只能體驗金錢消費範圍內的幸福,人生就變得空洞乏味,父母也無法教導小孩人生還有更多的喜樂。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我曾經見過第十四代的酒井田柿右衛門(譯註:日本陶瓷家族),他爸爸第十三代柿右衛門還生龍活虎,看他們父子吵架真的很有意思。第十四代說自己的畫技比老爸強,他隨手畫了些陶瓷要用的草稿丟在旁邊,就被第十三代的老爸拿去用在自己的作品上,所以現在都把草稿藏好不給老爸發現。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他們父子老是為了這個吵架,我也笑他們亂七八糟,不過第十四代也說了,他怎麼燒都燒不出老爸作品的那個白。我想當今社會上沒有比他們更幸福的父子,他們從來不討論錢,雖然大名鼎鼎的柿右衛門家族只要燒出好作品就不愁吃穿,還是不討論錢。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我想沒有比這更奢侈的事情。當代柿右衛門或許很有錢,但後代柿右衛門依然保持飢渴,依然明白人生有金錢之外的喜樂。當然,我們也要考慮到職業世襲缺乏選擇職業的自由,是造成社會不幸的原因之一。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">總之這也要看行業,搞笑藝人要世襲就有點困難,兒子必須追求比老爸更好,不對,是更蠢的作品,父子還得穿個什麼布偶互相吐槽說:「你得想個更蠢的布偶來穿!」<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我知道自己沒有什麼可以傳世的技術,只好繼續心不甘情不願地紙醉金迷,免得留財害了子孫。<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "PMingLiU","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(本文出北野武新作《超思考》,由《時報出刊》)<span lang="ZH-TW"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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